Black Soldier Fly Full-Fat Larvae Meal Is More Profitable Than Fish Meal and Fish Oil in Siberian Sturgeon Farming: The Effects on Aquaculture Sustainability, Economy and Fish GIT Development
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ethics Statement
2.2. Insect Meal and Diet Preparation
2.3. Animal Care
2.4. Sustainability and Economic Assessment
2.5. Somatic Indices
2.6. Histomorphological Examination
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Environmental Sustainability and Economic Profitability
3.2. Somatic Indices and Gastrointestinal Histomorphology
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatment | CON | H5 | H10 | H15 | H20 | H25 | H30 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Diet composition (g/1000 g) | |||||||
Fish meal | 261 | 234 | 208 | 181 | 155 | 128 | 101 |
Red blood cells | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
BSFL | 0 | 50 | 100 | 150 | 200 | 250 | 300 |
Soy protein isolate | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Wheat gluten | 150 | 150 | 150 | 150 | 150 | 150 | 150 |
Wheat meal | 145 | 130 | 117 | 104 | 89 | 76 | 63 |
Maltodextrin | 130 | 130 | 130 | 130 | 130 | 130 | 130 |
Fish oil | 65 | 55 | 44 | 34 | 24 | 14 | 3 |
Lecithin | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
Premix 1 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 |
Vitamin premix 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Choline chloride | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
Limestone | 18 | 18 | 16 | 14 | 3 | 11 | 10 |
Phosphate 1-Ca | 0 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 12 |
TiO2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
Total | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 |
Analysed chemical feed composition (g/1000 g) | |||||||
Dry matter | 938.4 | 937.4 | 934.5 | 934.7 | 934.9 | 936.0 | 935.9 |
Crude protein | 485.5 | 487.7 | 491.4 | 497.9 | 503.5 | 507.4 | 507.9 |
Crude fat | 99.7 | 102.4 | 101 | 95.5 | 92.1 | 92.3 | 91.0 |
Crude fibre | 6.7 | 9.9 | 13.3 | 16.7 | 19.9 | 23.2 | 26.5 |
Ash | 82.1 | 82.3 | 82.2 | 80.9 | 81.2 | 80.1 | 80.1 |
Nitrogen-free extract | 264.4 | 255.1 | 246.6 | 243.7 | 238.2 | 233.0 | 230.4 |
ITEM | CON | H5 | H10 | H15 | H20 | H25 | H30 | SEM | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Environmental Sustainability | |||||||||
FCE | 1.13 c | 1.27 b | 1.43 a | 1.42 a | 1.47 a | 1.42 a | 1.47 a | 0.019 | <0.001 |
FMU | 230 a | 186 b | 145 c | 127 d | 106 e | 88 f | 69 g | 7.676 | <0.001 |
FOU | 57.3 a | 43.6 b | 30.6 c | 23.9 d | 16.4 e | 9.58 f | 2.03 g | 2.605 | <0.001 |
FIFO | 1.04 a | 0.83 b | 0.64 c | 0.55 d | 0.44 e | 0.35 f | 0.26 g | 0.037 | <0.001 |
Economic Profitability | |||||||||
FC | 1.72 | 1.80 | 1.87 | 1.95 | 2.02 | 2.10 | 2.17 | - | - |
ECR | 1.52 a | 1.43 bc | 1.30 d | 1.37 cd | 1.38 c | 1.44 bc | 1.47 ab | 0.013 | <0.001 |
EPI | 0.45 c | 0.53 b | 0.61 a | 0.61 a | 0.63 a | 0.61 a | 0.62 a | 0.010 | <0.001 |
PRO | 6.48 d | 6.57 bc | 6.70 a | 6.63 ab | 6.62 b | 6.56 bc | 6.53 cd | 0.013 | <0.001 |
ITEM | CON | H5 | H10 | H15 | H20 | H25 | H30 | SEM | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CF | 0.31 d | 0.33 cd | 0.34 bc | 0.36 abc | 0.35 abc | 0.37 a | 0.36 ab | 0.004 | 0.0005 |
VSI (%) | 0.16 b | 0.17 b | 0.20 ab | 0.19 ab | 0.22 a | 0.20 ab | 0.22 a | 0.005 | 0.0130 |
HSI (%) | 3.26 | 3.73 | 3.75 | 3.64 | 3.35 | 3.33 | 3.42 | 0.064 | 0.1893 |
PCI (%) | 0.40 b | 0.54 a | 0.60 a | 0.61 a | 0.55 a | 0.66 a | 0.61 a | 0.015 | 0.0001 |
GIT/FTL (%) | 65.8 | 68.5 | 68.2 | 71.16 | 69.1 | 70.1 | 70.0 | 0.488 | 0.0875 |
IL/FTL (%) | 35.2 | 35.4 | 36.3 | 37.3 | 36.2 | 38.2 | 36.5 | 0.300 | 0.1087 |
PL/FTL (%) | 17.6 | 18.3 | 19.1 | 19.7 | 19.7 | 21.1 | 19.3 | 0.230 | 0.1900 |
DL/FTL (%) | 17.6 | 17.0 | 17.2 | 17.6 | 16.5 | 17.1 | 17.2 | 0.163 | 0.5743 |
IL/GIT (%) | 53.6 | 51.6 | 53.2 | 52.6 | 52.4 | 54.6 | 52.2 | 0.320 | 0.2144 |
PL/GIT (%) | 26.8 b | 26.7 b | 28.1 b | 28.5 ab | 28.5 ab | 30.1 a | 27.5 b | 0.263 | 0.0079 |
DL/GIT (%) | 26.8 a | 24.8 b | 25.2 b | 24.9 b | 23.9 b | 24.5 b | 24.7 b | 0.231 | 0.0341 |
ITEM | CON | H5 | H10 | H15 | H20 | H25 | H30 | SEM | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VH (µm) | 690 c | 707 cb | 720 b | 715 cb | 742 b | 802 a | 807 a | 9.136 | <0.0001 |
VW (µm) | 97.7 abc | 94.1 bc | 98.8 ab | 95.6 abc | 100.6 a | 98.9 ab | 93.1 bc | 1.162 | 0.0098 |
VS (µm2) | 214,296 c | 208,396 c | 221,771 bc | 215,272 c | 232,865 ab | 249,766 a | 235,655 ab | 260.5 | <0.0001 |
MLT (µm) | 127.7 | 117.3 | 122.7 | 117.1 | 127.1 | 123.0 | 130.7 | 11.64 | 0.1051 |
ITEM | CON | H5 | H10 | H15 | H20 | H25 | H30 | SEM | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Congestion | 0.21 | 0.57 | 0.50 | 0.21 | 0.36 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.010 | 0.2406 |
Necrosis | 0.86 | 0.64 | 0.86 | 1.29 | 1.21 | 0.93 | 0.64 | 0.021 | 0.5762 |
Fibrosis | 0.36 | 0.43 | 0.71 | 0.64 | 0.43 | 0.43 | 0.50 | 0.016 | 0.7653 |
Hepatocyte vacuolization | 1.36 | 1.50 | 1.57 | 1.21 | 1.14 | 1.00 | 1.5 | 0.026 | 0.7653 |
Fat vacuolization | 0.5 | 0.57 | 0.57 | 0.36 | 0.36 | 0.43 | 0.57 | 0.017 | 0.7912 |
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Rawski, M.; Mazurkiewicz, J.; Kierończyk, B.; Józefiak, D. Black Soldier Fly Full-Fat Larvae Meal Is More Profitable Than Fish Meal and Fish Oil in Siberian Sturgeon Farming: The Effects on Aquaculture Sustainability, Economy and Fish GIT Development. Animals 2021, 11, 604. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11030604
Rawski M, Mazurkiewicz J, Kierończyk B, Józefiak D. Black Soldier Fly Full-Fat Larvae Meal Is More Profitable Than Fish Meal and Fish Oil in Siberian Sturgeon Farming: The Effects on Aquaculture Sustainability, Economy and Fish GIT Development. Animals. 2021; 11(3):604. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11030604
Chicago/Turabian StyleRawski, Mateusz, Jan Mazurkiewicz, Bartosz Kierończyk, and Damian Józefiak. 2021. "Black Soldier Fly Full-Fat Larvae Meal Is More Profitable Than Fish Meal and Fish Oil in Siberian Sturgeon Farming: The Effects on Aquaculture Sustainability, Economy and Fish GIT Development" Animals 11, no. 3: 604. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11030604