Chitosan Treatment of E-11 Cells Modulates Transcription of Nonspecific Immune Genes and Reduces Nodavirus Capsid Protein Gene Expression
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chitin Extraction and Chitosan Production
2.2. Chitin/Chitosan Characterization
2.2.1. Biochemical Composition
2.2.2. Viscosity Measurement and Molecular Weight Determination
2.2.3. Structural Elucidation
2.3. Cell Line and Viral Strain
2.4. In-Vitro Infection of E-11 Cells
2.5. Cytotoxicity Activity Test by MTT Assay
2.6. RNA Extraction
2.7. Relative Quantification of Target Genes by ΔΔCT
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Chitin and Chitosan Characterization
3.2. Effect of Chitosan Concentrations on Cell Viability
3.3. Effect of Chitosan Treatment on Cytopathic Effect (CPE) after Nodavirus Infection
3.4. Effect of Chitosan Treatment Modes on Nodavirus RNA2 Replication
3.5. Effect of Chitosan Concentrations on Nodavirus RNA2 Replication
3.6. Expression Level Changes in Cell Mediator Genes in Response to Virus Infection and Chitosan Treatment
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameters | Chitin |
---|---|
Moisture | 4.16 ± 0.16 |
Ash | 0.51 ± 0.05 |
Lipid | 2.63 ± 0.16 |
Carbohydrate | 0.025 |
Total nitrogen | 0.19 ± 0.01 |
Total protein | 1.18 ± 0.32 |
Parameters | Chitin | Chitosan |
---|---|---|
DA (%) | 87.08 | 25.46 |
Molecular weight (KDa) | 372.58 ± 1.4 | 10.71 ± 0.33 |
Viscosity (dL/g) | 14.91 ± 0.06 | 10.13 ± 0.32 |
Parameter | Cells Only | Cells + AA | Cells + CHT 0.3% | Cells + CHT 0.5% | Cells + CHT 0.7% | Cells + CHT 1% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OD | 696 | 668 | 534 | 426 | 463 | 324 |
OD | 619 | 690 | 496 | 482 | 391 | 293 |
OD mean | 657.5 | 679 | 515 | 454 | 427 | 308.5 |
Cell viability % | 86.79 | 67.98 | 67.99 | 59.93 | 56.37 | 40.73 |
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Chérif, N.; Amdouni, F.; Bessadok, B.; Tagorti, G.; Sadok, S. Chitosan Treatment of E-11 Cells Modulates Transcription of Nonspecific Immune Genes and Reduces Nodavirus Capsid Protein Gene Expression. Animals 2021, 11, 3097. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113097
Chérif N, Amdouni F, Bessadok B, Tagorti G, Sadok S. Chitosan Treatment of E-11 Cells Modulates Transcription of Nonspecific Immune Genes and Reduces Nodavirus Capsid Protein Gene Expression. Animals. 2021; 11(11):3097. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113097
Chicago/Turabian StyleChérif, Nadia, Fatma Amdouni, Boutheina Bessadok, Ghada Tagorti, and Saloua Sadok. 2021. "Chitosan Treatment of E-11 Cells Modulates Transcription of Nonspecific Immune Genes and Reduces Nodavirus Capsid Protein Gene Expression" Animals 11, no. 11: 3097. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113097