Skeletochronology and Paleohistology of Hyposaurus rogersii (Crocodyliformes, Dyrosauridae) from the Early Paleogene of New Jersey, USA
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Geological Setting
2.2. Specimen
2.3. Preparation
2.4. Imaging and Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Paleohistological Description
3.1.1. Left Humerus
3.1.2. Right Humerus
3.1.3. Left Femur
3.1.4. Right Femur
3.2. Skeletochronology
3.2.1. Right Humerus
3.2.2. Right Femur
4. Discussion
- (1)
- If using the thickest band for retrocalculation, the humerus indicates the specimen would have been 15 to 16 years old (and growing, as in each model) at the time of death. The femur results are congruent.
- (2)
- If using the penultimate band in the humerus, it would have been 18 to 22. The femur, in contrast, estimates 26.
- (3)
- If using a mean band thickness, the humerus suggests it would have been 17 to 18. The femur data suggest 19.
- (4)
- If using a mean percentage increase, the humerus results in an estimate of 14 to 15, while the femur estimates 18.
- (5)
- If using a parabolic model, the humerus indicates the specimen would have been 17 to 18, and the femur 18.
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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LAG No. | Radius a− | Radius a+ | Percent Decrease from Previous Interval (a−) | Percent Decrease from Previous Interval (a+) | Radius b− | Radius b+ | Percent Decrease from Previous Interval (b−) | Percent Decrease from Previous INTERVAL (b+) | Calculated Circumference (Negative Radii) | Calculated Circumference (Positive Radii) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | NP | NP | N/A | N/A | 3606 | NP | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
2 | 3247 | NP | N/A | N/A | 4088 | NP | −54.7 | N/A | 23,120 | N/A |
3 | 4065 | 4621 | 39.37 | N/A | 4834 | 2903 | 39.2 | N/A | 28,009 | 23,948 |
4 | 4561 | 5278 | 5.97 | 25.1 | 5287 | 3572 | 11.4 | 8.5 | 30,981 | 28,062 |
5 | 5027 | 5770 | 16.85 | −64.1 | 5689 | 4183 | 7.1 | −22.1 | 33,698 | 31,469 |
6 | 5415 | 6578 | 26.58 | 43.7 | 6063 | 4930 | 30.7 | 39.7 | 36,086 | 36,340 |
7 | 5699 | 7032 | −102.71 | −90.4 | 6322 | 5381 | −85.6 | −59.7 | 37,790 | 39,172 |
8 | 6276 | 7898 | 9.60 | 16.1 | 6802 | 6101 | 3.5 | 12.0 | 41,103 | 44,161 |
9 | 6798 | 8624 | 15.80 | 21.6 | 7266 | 6735 | 0.3 | 27.2 | 44,195 | 48,436 |
10 | 7237 | 9194 | 10.26 | 6.6 | 7728 | 7196 | 24.0 | 20.7 | 47,027 | 51,681 |
11 | 7631 | 9726 | 1.63 | 30.8 | 8080 | 7562 | −7.7 | −7.0 | 49,368 | 54,523 |
12 | 8019 | 10,094 | 46.51 | 48.3 | 8458 | 7953 | 38.8 | 65.8 | 51,774 | 56,897 |
13 | 8226 | 10,285 | N/A | N/A | 8690 | 8087 | N/A | N/A | 53,155 | 57,924 |
LAG No. | Radius a+ | Interval between CGMs (Radius a+) | Percent Decrease from Previous Interval (a+) | Radius b+ | Interval between CGMs (Radius b+) | Percent Decrease from Previous Interval (b+) | Calculated circumference (Positive Radii) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | NP | N/A | N/A | 3395 | 407 | N/A | N/A |
2 | 4719 | 412 | N/A | 3802 | 283 | 30.4 | 26,848 |
3 | 5131 | 263 | 36.2 | 4086 | 258 | 9.1 | 29,049 |
4 | 5394 | 1252 | −376.5 | 4343 | 726 | −182.0 | 30,680 |
5 | 6646 | 773 | 38.3 | 5070 | 438 | 39.7 | 36,973 |
6 | 7419 | 1242 | −60.7 | 5507 | 572 | −30.6 | 40,832 |
7 | 8661 | 592 | 52.3 | 6079 | 510 | 10.8 | 46,662 |
8 | 9253 | 922 | −55.7 | 6589 | 670 | −31.3 | 50,123 |
9 | 10,175 | 829 | 10.1 | 7259 | 598 | 10.8 | 55,155 |
10 | 11,005 | 556 | 32.9 | 7857 | 618 | −3.4 | 59,668 |
11 | 11,561 | 603 | −8.3 | 8475 | 649 | −5.0 | 63,319 |
12 | 12,164 | 304 | 49.6 | 9124 | 428 | 34.1 | 67,220 |
13 | 12,468 | 278 | 8.5 | 9552 | 422 | 1.2 | 69,480 |
14 | 12,746 | N/A | N/A | 9974 | N/A | N/A | 71,644 |
ID | Specimen No. | FL | CW |
---|---|---|---|
Hyposaurus rogersii | NJSM 23368 | 202.0 | 20.0 |
Hyposaurus rogersii | NJSM 12293 | 250.0 | 27.15 |
Hyposaurus rogersii | NJSM 11069 | Missing epiphyses | 35.45 |
Hyposaurus natator | YPM 985 | 250.0 | 23.0 |
Hyposaurus natator | YPM 753 | 285.0 | 28.0 |
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Pellegrini, R.A.; Callahan, W.R.; Hastings, A.K.; Parris, D.C.; McCauley, J.D. Skeletochronology and Paleohistology of Hyposaurus rogersii (Crocodyliformes, Dyrosauridae) from the Early Paleogene of New Jersey, USA. Animals 2021, 11, 3067. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113067
Pellegrini RA, Callahan WR, Hastings AK, Parris DC, McCauley JD. Skeletochronology and Paleohistology of Hyposaurus rogersii (Crocodyliformes, Dyrosauridae) from the Early Paleogene of New Jersey, USA. Animals. 2021; 11(11):3067. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113067
Chicago/Turabian StylePellegrini, Rodrigo A., Wayne R. Callahan, Alexander K. Hastings, David C. Parris, and John D. McCauley. 2021. "Skeletochronology and Paleohistology of Hyposaurus rogersii (Crocodyliformes, Dyrosauridae) from the Early Paleogene of New Jersey, USA" Animals 11, no. 11: 3067. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113067