Maternal Nutritional Status and the Microbiome across the Pregnancy and the Post-Partum Period
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Maternal Metabolic Health and Its Role in Microbial Changes
2.1. Overweight/Obesity
2.2. Underweight
2.3. Gestational Weight Gain
2.4. Body Composition
2.5. Gestational Diabetes
3. Maternal Diet and the Microbiome
4. Future Directions—Dietary and Probiotic Interventions
5. Gaps in the Literature
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Maternal Factor | Maternal Gut Microbiome Diversity | Maternal Gut Microbiome Increased Abundance | Maternal Gut Microbiome Decreased Abundance |
---|---|---|---|
Elevated Pre-Pregnancy BMI | Decreased diversity [6] | Firmicutes [6], Bacteroides [7], Clostridium [7], S. aureus [7] Biolphila [8], Roseburia [8], and Dialster [8] | Proteobacteria [6] and Phascolarctobacterium [8] |
Underweight Pre-pregnancy BMI | Decreased [9,10,11] | Acidaminococcus [12] | Firmicutes [13] and Bacteroidetes [13] |
Excessive Gestational Weight Gain | Prevotella [8], Dialister [8], Firmicutes [14], and Bacteroidetes [14] | Bifidobacterium [7] | |
Gestational Diabetes | Ruminococcaceae family [15], Faecalibacterium [16], Eubacterium [16], Streptococcus [16], Enterobacteriaceae family [16], and Bacteroides [17] | ||
Increased Fat Intake | Increased Simpson diversity [8] | Ruminococcus [7,8], Paraprevotella [8] | Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes [18] |
Increased Vegetable Intake | Roseburia [19] and Lachnospiraceae [19] | Collinsella [19], Holdemania, and Eubacterium [19] | |
Increased Animal Protein Intake | Increased Shannon diversity [8] | Collinsella [8] | |
Increased Carbohydrate Intake | Bacteroidetes [18] |
Maternal Factor | Infant Gut Microbiome Diversity | Infant Gut Microbiome Increased Abundance | Infant Gut Microbiome Decreased Abundance |
---|---|---|---|
Maternal Elevated Pre-pregnancy BMI | Increased [27] | Proteobacteria [6] Vaginal delivery infants [9]: Bacteroides fragilis, Escherichia coli, Veillonella dispar, Staphylococcus, and Enterococcus | Firmicutes [6] |
Maternal Gestational Weight Gain | Increased [27] | Akkermansia [27] | |
Maternal Gestational Diabetes | Decreased [28] | Streptococcus [15], Firmicutes [28], Clostridium [29], Veillonella [29], and | Bacteroides [15], Lactobacillus [15,30], Proteobacteria [28], Flavonifractor [30], Erysipelotrichaceae [30], and Gammoproteobacteria [30] |
Maternal Increased Fat Intake | Firmicutes [31] | Proteobacteria [31] and Bacteroides [32] | |
Maternal Increased Fruit and Vegetable Intake | Lactobacillus [19], Propionibacteriales [33], Priopionibacteriaceae [33], Cutibacterium [33], Tannerellaceae [33], Parabacteroides [33], and Lactococcus [33] | Coprococcus [31], Blautia [31], Roseburia [31], Rumiococcaceae [31], and Lachnospiracea [31] | |
Maternal Increased Animal Protein Intake | Veillonella [31], Escherichia/Shigella [31], Klebsiella [31], and Clostridium [31] |
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Strobel, K.M.; Juul, S.E.; Hendrixson, D.T. Maternal Nutritional Status and the Microbiome across the Pregnancy and the Post-Partum Period. Microorganisms 2023, 11, 1569. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11061569
Strobel KM, Juul SE, Hendrixson DT. Maternal Nutritional Status and the Microbiome across the Pregnancy and the Post-Partum Period. Microorganisms. 2023; 11(6):1569. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11061569
Chicago/Turabian StyleStrobel, Katie M., Sandra E. Juul, and David Taylor Hendrixson. 2023. "Maternal Nutritional Status and the Microbiome across the Pregnancy and the Post-Partum Period" Microorganisms 11, no. 6: 1569. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11061569