The Immune System Response to Porphyromonas gingivalis in Neurological Diseases
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Cohort
2.2. Collection of the Samples
2.3. Oral Examinations
2.4. Bacterial DNA Quantification on Brushing
2.5. Antibody Assay on Serum
2.6. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Participants’ Characteristics
3.2. Pg Bacteria and Antibody Quantification
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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HC (n = 23) | N-AC (n = 17) | N-CH (n = 19) | N-DEG (n = 28) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 51.9 ± 3.8 | 68.2 ± 5.6 | 64.4 ± 3.1 | 65.5 ± 2.7 |
Sex (% male) | 34.8 | 35.3 | 42.1 | 60.7 |
Smoker (%) Former smoker (%) | 4.3 13.0 | 11.8 17.6 | 6.3 (n = 16) 31.3 (n = 16) | 12.5 (n = 24) 17.5 (n = 24) |
Teeth number | 24.4 ± 1.8 (n = 20) | 13.8 ± 3.0 (n = 16) | 17.2 ± 2.2 (n = 15) | 16.8 ± 1.9 (n = 26) |
Plaque index | 1.6 ± 0.4 (n = 5) | 0.1 ± 0.0 (n = 1) | 2.2 ± 0.2 (n = 7) | 2.1 ± 0.3 (n = 8) |
Gingival index | 0.8 ± 0.6 (n = 5) | 0.0 ± 0.0 (n = 1) | 1.1 ± 0.2(n = 7) | 1.1 ± 0.3(n = 7) |
Presence of gingivitis (%) | 60.0 (n = 5) | 60.0 (n = 10) | 75.0 (n = 12) | 86.7 (n = 15) |
Lingual patina index | 1.2 ± 0.5 (n = 5) | 0.8 ± 0.2 (n = 10) | 0.8 ± 0.3 (n = 12) | 1.9 ± 0.3 (n = 15) |
Presence of oral infection (%) | 60.0 (n = 5) | 40.0 (n = 10) | 66.7 (n = 11) | 80.0 (n = 14) |
Oral hygiene index | 40.0 (n = 5) | 77.8 (n = 9) | 36.4 (n = 11) | 14.3 (n = 14) |
Presence of fissured tongue (%) | 0.0 (n = 5) | 20.0 (n = 10) | 18.2 (n = 11) | 0.0 (n = 15) |
Number of fixed prostheses | 0.2 ± 0.1 (n = 20) | 0.3 ± 0.1 (n = 16) | 0.6 ± 0.2 (n = 14) | 0.4 ± 0.1 (n = 25) |
Number of removable dentures | 0.2 ± 0.1 (n = 19) | 0.7 ± 0.3 (n = 14) | 0.3 ± 0.2 (n = 14) | 0.3 ± 0.1 (n = 24) |
HC (n = 23) | N-AC (n = 17) | N-CH (n = 19) | N-DEG (n = 28) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pg abundance (CFU/mL) | 63.4 ± 46.1 | 178.4 ± 80.9 | 3961.4 ± 2698.8 | 6013.3 ± 2488.3 |
Anti-Pg antibodies (units/mL) | 5.8 ± 4.6 | 3.2 ± 1.1 | 10.9 ± 5.6 | 4.7 ± 1.0 |
Anti-Pg/Pg (units/CFU) | 69.5 ± 17.8 | 34.2 ± 18.9 | 40.1 ± 24.4 | 1.2 ± 1.1 |
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Franciotti, R.; Pignatelli, P.; D’Antonio, D.L.; Mancinelli, R.; Fulle, S.; De Rosa, M.A.; Puca, V.; Piattelli, A.; Thomas, A.M.; Onofrj, M.; et al. The Immune System Response to Porphyromonas gingivalis in Neurological Diseases. Microorganisms 2023, 11, 2555. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11102555
Franciotti R, Pignatelli P, D’Antonio DL, Mancinelli R, Fulle S, De Rosa MA, Puca V, Piattelli A, Thomas AM, Onofrj M, et al. The Immune System Response to Porphyromonas gingivalis in Neurological Diseases. Microorganisms. 2023; 11(10):2555. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11102555
Chicago/Turabian StyleFranciotti, Raffaella, Pamela Pignatelli, Domenica Lucia D’Antonio, Rosa Mancinelli, Stefania Fulle, Matteo Alessandro De Rosa, Valentina Puca, Adriano Piattelli, Astrid Maria Thomas, Marco Onofrj, and et al. 2023. "The Immune System Response to Porphyromonas gingivalis in Neurological Diseases" Microorganisms 11, no. 10: 2555. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11102555