Aspergillus niger as a Biological Input for Improving Vegetable Seedling Production
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Site
2.2. Experimental Design
2.3. Aspergillus niger Inoculum Preparation
2.4. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatment | Inoculation Method | Dose (Conidia Plant−1) |
---|---|---|
GR02 | In-furrow granular | 4 × 102 |
GR06 | In-furrow granular | 4 × 106 |
TS02 | Seed treatment | 4 × 102 |
TS06 | Seed treatment | 4 × 106 |
UNI | Uninoculated | 0 |
Treatment | Root Fresh Mass (g) | Shoot Fresh Mass (g) | Shoot Height (cm) | Stem Diameter 1 (mm) | Root Volume (cm³) | Total Root Length (cm) | Root Dry Mass (g) | Shoot Dry Mass (g) | Total Dry Mass (g) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lettuce1 (Lactuca sativa) | |||||||||
GR02 | 0.35 | 1.13 | 6.21 | 5.87 | 0.35 | 182 | 0.037 | 0.082 | 0.119 |
GR06 | 0.3 | 1.31 | 6.58 | 5.9 | 0.29 | 183 | 0.04 | 0.096 | 0.136 |
TS02 | 0.33 | 1.13 | 6.25 | 5.91 | 0.32 | 182 | 0.042 | 0.087 | 0.129 |
TS06 | 0.37 | 1.2 | 6.37 | 6.06 | 0.36 | 192 | 0.039 | 0.093 | 0.132 |
UNI | 0.28 | 0.74 | 4.82 | 5.6 | 0.27 | 142 | 0.026 | 0.058 | 0.083 |
SED | 0.0462 | 0.1330 | 0.4370 | 0.0993 | 0.0474 | 13.9000 | 0.0043 | 0.0087 | 0.0109 |
LSD 5% | 0.0939 | 0.2703 | 0.8880 | 0.2018 | 0.0963 | 28.2448 | 0.0087 | 0.0177 | 0.0221 |
Melon (Cucumis melo) | |||||||||
GR02 | 0.66 | 1.58 | 13.46 | 3.48 | 0.51 | 181 | 0.028 | 0.11 | 0.138 |
GR06 | 0.66 | 1.64 | 13.03 | 3.47 | 0.52 | 176 | 0.026 | 0.106 | 0.132 |
TS02 | 0.69 | 1.7 | 13.55 | 3.49 | 0.53 | 186 | 0.03 | 0.118 | 0.148 |
TS06 | 0.73 | 1.65 | 13.26 | 3.44 | 0.53 | 189 | 0.028 | 0.118 | 0.148 |
UNI | 0.69 | 1.42 | 10.49 | 3.21 | 0.64 | 229 | 0.032 | 0.112 | 0.14 |
SED | 0.0759 | 0.0866 | 0.5870 | 0.0839 | 0.0439 | 14.5000 | 0.0023 | 0.0074 | 0.0089 |
LSD 5% | 0.1542 | 0.1760 | 1.1928 | 0.1705 | 0.0892 | 29.4640 | 0.0046 | 0.0149 | 0.0181 |
Pepper (Capsicum annuum) | |||||||||
GR02 | 0.64 | 1.8900 | 23.3300 | 2.8100 | 0.5100 | 189.0000 | 0.0530 | 0.2000 | 0.2530 |
GR06 | 0.56 | 1.82 | 22.9 | 3.02 | 0.45 | 182 | 0.05 | 0.195 | 0.245 |
TS02 | 0.62 | 1.84 | 22.91 | 2.7 | 0.54 | 192 | 0.054 | 0.192 | 0.246 |
TS06 | 0.54 | 1.73 | 22.43 | 2.82 | 0.45 | 192 | 0.049 | 0.186 | 0.235 |
UNI | 0.34 | 0.95 | 14.91 | 2.44 | 0.41 | 155 | 0.036 | 0.109 | 0.145 |
SED | 0.0426 | 0.0869 | 0.7220 | 0.1200 | 0.0572 | 9.5900 | 0.0038 | 0.0117 | 0.0146 |
LSD 5% | 0.0866 | 0.1766 | 1.4671 | 0.2438 | 0.1162 | 19.4869 | 0.0077 | 0.0238 | 0.0297 |
Scarlet eggplant (Solanum gilo) | |||||||||
GR02 | 0.69 | 1.46 | 15.52 | 2.96 | 0.67 | 248 | 0.07 | 0.213 | 0.283 |
GR06 | 0.74 | 1.64 | 16.37 | 3.05 | 0.72 | 265 | 0.069 | 0.233 | 0.302 |
TS02 | 0.71 | 1.47 | 15.92 | 2.94 | 0.66 | 262 | 0.076 | 0.217 | 0.293 |
TS06 | 0.7 | 1.46 | 15.25 | 3.06 | 0.66 | 256 | 0.075 | 0.215 | 0.29 |
UNI | 0.54 | 0.75 | 8.01 | 2.27 | 0.54 | 226 | 0.055 | 0.112 | 0.167 |
SED | 0.0526 | 0.1280 | 0.6510 | 0.1230 | 0.0561 | 8.2700 | 0.0039 | 0.0160 | 0.0191 |
LSD 5% | 0.1069 | 0.2601 | 1.3228 | 0.2499 | 0.1140 | 16.8046 | 0.0079 | 0.0325 | 0.0388 |
Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) | |||||||||
GR02 | 0.79 | 1.44 | 12.77 | 3.31 | 0.39 | 168 | 0.019 | 0.107 | 0.126 |
GR06 | 0.64 | 1.47 | 13.37 | 3.34 | 0.4 | 157 | 0.018 | 0.104 | 0.122 |
TS02 | 0.7 | 1.58 | 13.8 | 3.31 | 0.48 | 174 | 0.021 | 0.11 | 0.131 |
TS06 | 0.74 | 1.48 | 13.49 | 3.26 | 0.45 | 172 | 0.02 | 0.109 | 0.129 |
UNI | 0.46 | 1.08 | 9.22 | 3.02 | 0.37 | 179 | 0.023 | 0.088 | 0.11 |
SED | 0.0984 | 0.0688 | 0.5110 | 0.0665 | 0.0446 | 20.0000 | 0.0019 | 0.0041 | 0.0048 |
LSD 5% | 0.1999 | 0.1398 | 1.0384 | 0.1351 | 0.0907 | 40.6400 | 0.0038 | 0.0083 | 0.0097 |
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) | |||||||||
GR02 | 0.54 | 2.23 | 26.58 | 3.07 | 0.51 | 233 | 0.045 | 0.254 | 0.297 |
GR06 | 0.55 | 2.21 | 26.66 | 2.98 | 0.53 | 205 | 0.04 | 0.268 | 0.308 |
TS02 | 0.51 | 2.33 | 26.67 | 3.03 | 0.48 | 185 | 0.041 | 0.256 | 0.294 |
TS06 | 0.58 | 2.38 | 26.55 | 3.15 | 0.53 | 190 | 0.042 | 0.262 | 0.301 |
UNI | 0.4 | 1.57 | 18.2 | 2.97 | 0.41 | 195 | 0.047 | 0.221 | 0.261 |
SED | 0.0458 | 0.1160 | 0.8070 | 0.1040 | 0.0440 | 8.1900 | 0.0026 | 0.0129 | 0.0145 |
LSD 5% | 0.0931 | 0.2357 | 1.6398 | 0.2113 | 0.0894 | 16.6421 | 0.0053 | 0.0262 | 0.0295 |
Kale (Brassica oleracea) | |||||||||
GR02 | 0.4 | 1.7 | 13.96 | 2.81 | 0.42 | nd 2 | 0.053 | 0.25 | 0.303 |
GR06 | 0.42 | 1.64 | 13.8 | 3.02 | 0.43 | nd | 0.054 | 0.259 | 0.313 |
TS02 | 0.42 | 1.7 | 14.21 | 2.7 | 0.43 | nd | 0.055 | 0.259 | 0.314 |
TS06 | 0.36 | 1.64 | 14.17 | 2.82 | 0.37 | nd | 0.053 | 0.259 | 0.311 |
UNI | 0.41 | 1.19 | 11.7 | 2.44 | 0.39 | nd | 0.05 | 0.22 | 0.27 |
SED | 0.0431 | 0.0834 | 0.2880 | 0.1270 | 0.0483 | nd | 0.0034 | 0.0118 | 0.0131 |
LSD 5% | 0.0876 | 0.1695 | 0.5852 | 0.2581 | 0.0981 | nd | 0.0068 | 0.0240 | 0.0266 |
Variable | Lettuce | Tomato | Kale | Scarlet Eggplant | Watermelon | Melon | Pepper |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Root fresh mass | 0 | 6.19 | 0.06 | 0.88 | 1.58 | 0.44 | 4.66 |
Shoot fresh mass | 26.6 | 9.34 | 5.71 | 0.54 | 19.22 | 0 | 10.91 |
Shoot height | 15.97 | 65.1 | 5.94 | 33.99 | 61.2 | 57.15 | 10.83 |
Stem diameter 1 | 12.9 | 3.95 | 0.19 | 3.56 | 3.19 | 14.12 | 0 |
Root volume | 7.92 | 0 | 0.06 | 1.52 | 6.84 | 9.11 | 0 |
Total root length | 13.75 | 12.58 | nd 2 | 0 | 1.44 | 17.62 | 0.71 |
Root dry mass | 7.98 | 2.84 | 6.45 | 25.33 | 0 | 0.66 | 12.3 |
Shoot dry mass | 0 | 0 | 81.59 | 34.17 | 0 | 0.91 | 60.58 |
Total dry mass | 14.89 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6.53 | 0 | 0 |
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Mundim, G.d.S.M.; Maciel, G.M.; Mendes, G.d.O. Aspergillus niger as a Biological Input for Improving Vegetable Seedling Production. Microorganisms 2022, 10, 674. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10040674
Mundim GdSM, Maciel GM, Mendes GdO. Aspergillus niger as a Biological Input for Improving Vegetable Seedling Production. Microorganisms. 2022; 10(4):674. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10040674
Chicago/Turabian StyleMundim, Gustavo de Souza Marques, Gabriel Mascarenhas Maciel, and Gilberto de Oliveira Mendes. 2022. "Aspergillus niger as a Biological Input for Improving Vegetable Seedling Production" Microorganisms 10, no. 4: 674. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10040674