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Review

Evaluation of Control Strategies for Xylella fastidiosa in the Balearic Islands

by
Bàrbara Quetglas
1,
Diego Olmo
2,
Alicia Nieto
2,
David Borràs
2,
Francesc Adrover
2,3,
Ana Pedrosa
1,3,
Marina Montesinos
1,
Juan de Dios García
3,
Marta López
3,
Andreu Juan
3 and
Eduardo Moralejo
1,*
1
TRAGSA Group, 07009 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
2
Institute of Agro-Food and Fisheries Research and Training of the Balearic Islands (IRFAP), 07009 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
3
Agriculture Service, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food of the Balearic Government, 07006 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Microorganisms 2022, 10(12), 2393; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10122393
Submission received: 14 November 2022 / Revised: 28 November 2022 / Accepted: 29 November 2022 / Published: 2 December 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Pathogenic Microorganisms: State-of-the-Art Research in Spain)
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Abstract

The emergence of Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) in the Balearic Islands in October 2016 was a major phytosanitary challenge with international implications. Immediately after its detection, eradication and containment measures included in Decision 2015/789 were implemented. Surveys intensified during 2017, which soon revealed that the pathogen was widely distributed on the islands and eradication measures were no longer feasible. In this review, we analyzed the control measures carried out by the Balearic Government in compliance with European legislation, as well as the implementation of its control action plan. At the same time, we contrasted them with the results of scientific research accumulated since 2017 on the epidemiological situation. The case of Xf in the Balearic Islands is paradigmatic since it concentrates on a small territory with one of the widest genetic diversities of Xf affecting crops and forest ecosystems. We also outline the difficulties of anticipating unexpected epidemiological situations in the legislation on harmful exotic organisms on which little biological information is available. Because Xf has become naturalized in the islands, coexistence alternatives based on scientific knowledge are proposed to reorient control strategies towards the main goal of minimizing damage to crops and the landscape.
Keywords: risk assessment; phytosanitary measures; invasive pathogens; vector-borne disease; Philaenus spumarius risk assessment; phytosanitary measures; invasive pathogens; vector-borne disease; Philaenus spumarius

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MDPI and ACS Style

Quetglas, B.; Olmo, D.; Nieto, A.; Borràs, D.; Adrover, F.; Pedrosa, A.; Montesinos, M.; de Dios García, J.; López, M.; Juan, A.; et al. Evaluation of Control Strategies for Xylella fastidiosa in the Balearic Islands. Microorganisms 2022, 10, 2393. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10122393

AMA Style

Quetglas B, Olmo D, Nieto A, Borràs D, Adrover F, Pedrosa A, Montesinos M, de Dios García J, López M, Juan A, et al. Evaluation of Control Strategies for Xylella fastidiosa in the Balearic Islands. Microorganisms. 2022; 10(12):2393. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10122393

Chicago/Turabian Style

Quetglas, Bàrbara, Diego Olmo, Alicia Nieto, David Borràs, Francesc Adrover, Ana Pedrosa, Marina Montesinos, Juan de Dios García, Marta López, Andreu Juan, and et al. 2022. "Evaluation of Control Strategies for Xylella fastidiosa in the Balearic Islands" Microorganisms 10, no. 12: 2393. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10122393

APA Style

Quetglas, B., Olmo, D., Nieto, A., Borràs, D., Adrover, F., Pedrosa, A., Montesinos, M., de Dios García, J., López, M., Juan, A., & Moralejo, E. (2022). Evaluation of Control Strategies for Xylella fastidiosa in the Balearic Islands. Microorganisms, 10(12), 2393. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10122393

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