Organ Tropism of Angiostrongylus vasorum Larval Stages in Infected African Giant Snails (Lissachatina fulica)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Gastropod Maintenance Under Standardized and Parasite-Free Conditions
2.2. Isolation of Vital Angiostronglyus Vasorum L1 and Gastropod Oral Infection
2.3. Gastropod Euthanasia and Organ Isolation
2.4. Artificial Digestion and Identification of Larvae
2.5. Histology
3. Results
3.1. Angiostrongylus Vasorum Larval Development and Organ Tropism in Experimentally Infected L. fulica Snails
3.2. Histological Findings Indicate Hemocyte Responses to Angiostrongylus Vasorum Larval Stages
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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OC | SPI | HP | RT | AG | FT | KD | LU | DI | MA | HD | HT | RR | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10 min | L1 | L1 | L1 | n.l.d. | n.l.d. | L1 | n.l.d. | L1 | L1 | L1 | L1 | n.l.d. | 10 |
30 min | L1 | L1 | L1 | n.l.d. | n.l.d. | L1 | L1 | L1 | n.l.d. | L1 | L1 | n.l.d. | 4.8 |
60 min | L1 | L1 | L1 | n.l.d. | n.l.d. | L1 | n.l.d. | L1 | n.l.d. | L1 | L1 | n.l.d. | 18.3 |
90 min | L1 | L1 | L1 | n.l.d. | n.l.d. | L1 | n.l.d. | L1 | n.l.d. | n.l.d. | L1 | n.l.d. | 8.8 |
1 day | L1 | L1 | L1 | n.l.d. | n.l.d. | L1 | L1 | n.l.d. | L1 | L1 | L1 | n.l.d. | 9.6 |
1 day | L1 | L1 | L1 | n.l.d. | n.l.d. | L1 | L1 | L1 | L1 | n.l.d. | n.l.d. | n.l.d. | 7.1 |
4 days | n.l.d. | L1 | L1 | n.l.d. | n.l.d. | L1 | L1 | L1 | L1 | n.l.d. | L1 | n.l.d. | 4.1 |
8 days | L1 | L1, L2 | L1, L2 | L2 | n.l.d. | n.l.d. | L1, L2 | L1, L2 | n.l.d. | L1 | L1, L2 | L1 | 15.8 |
11 days | L1 | L2 | L1 | L1 | n.l.d. | L1, L2 | n.l.d. | L2 | n.l.d. | n.l.d. | L1 | n.l.d. | 2.1 |
11 days | L2 | L2 | n.l.d. | n.l.d. | n.l.d. | L1 | L2 | L2 | n.l.d. | n.l.d. | L1, L2 | L3 | 1.8 |
19 days | L3 | L1, L2, L3 | L1, L2, L3 | n.l.d. | n.l.d. | L1, L2, L3 | L1, L2, L3 | L2, L3 | L2 | n.l.d. | n.l.d. | n.l.d. | 10.2 |
20 days | n.l.d. | L2, L3 | L1, L2, L3 | L2 | n.l.d. | L1, L2 | L2 | L2, L3 | n.l.d. | L2 | L1, L2 | L2, L3 | 11.4 |
25 days | n.l.d. | L2, L3 | n.l.d. | n.l.d. | n.l.d. | L1, L2, L3 | L2, L3 | L3 | n.l.d. | L3 | L1, L2, L3 | n.l.d. | 2.7 |
25 days | n.l.d. | L2, L3 | L1, L2 | n.l.d. | n.l.d. | L1, L2, L3 | L3 | L3 | n.l.d. | L3 | n.l.d. | L3 | 10.9 |
35 days | n.l.d. | L2, L3 | L2, L3 | L2, L3 | n.l.d. | L2, L3 | n.l.d. | L2, L3 | n.l.d. | L2, L3 | L2 | L2, L3 | 11.6 |
35 days | n.l.d. | n.l.d. | L2, L3 | L2 | n.l.d. | L1, L2, L3 | L1, L2, L3 | L2, L3 | L3 | L3 | L2, L3 | L2, L3 | 13.9 |
42 days | L3 | L3 | L2, L3 | L3 | L3 | L2, L3 | L3 | L3 | L3 | L3 | L3 | n.l.d. | 40 |
42 days | n.l.d. | n.l.d. | L2, L3 | L3 | n.l.d. | L2, L3 | L3 | L3 | L3 | L3 | L2, L3 | L3 | 10 |
49 days | L3 | L3 | L3 | L1 | n.l.d. | L1, L2, L3 | L1, L3 | L1, L3 | L3 | L2, L3 | L1 | L3 | 14.2 |
49 days | n.l.d. | n.l.d. | L1, L2, L3 | L3 | n.l.d. | L1, L2, L3 | L3 | L2, L3 | L3 | L2, L3 | L2, L3 | n.l.d. | 29.6 |
56 days | L3 | L3 | L3 | n.l.d. | n.l.d. | L1, L2, L3 | L3 | L3 | n.l.d. | L3 | L3 | 26.9 | |
56 days | L2, L3 | L3 | L3 | n.l.d. | n.l.d. | L3 | L3 | L3 | L3 | L3 | L3 | L3 | 49.7 |
MA, HT | RT | AG | HD | KD | FT | OC | HP | ST | LU | IR | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 y | L3 | L3 | L3 | 0.8 | |||||||
2 y | L3 | L3 | 0.2 | ||||||||
2 y | L3 | L3 | L3 | L3 | L3 | L3 | 4.4 | ||||
2 y | L3 | 0.1 |
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Dusch, A.; Segeritz, L.; Henrich, M.; Taubert, A.; Hermosilla, C. Organ Tropism of Angiostrongylus vasorum Larval Stages in Infected African Giant Snails (Lissachatina fulica). Pathogens 2024, 13, 946. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13110946
Dusch A, Segeritz L, Henrich M, Taubert A, Hermosilla C. Organ Tropism of Angiostrongylus vasorum Larval Stages in Infected African Giant Snails (Lissachatina fulica). Pathogens. 2024; 13(11):946. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13110946
Chicago/Turabian StyleDusch, Alena, Lisa Segeritz, Manfred Henrich, Anja Taubert, and Carlos Hermosilla. 2024. "Organ Tropism of Angiostrongylus vasorum Larval Stages in Infected African Giant Snails (Lissachatina fulica)" Pathogens 13, no. 11: 946. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13110946