Helicobacter pylori-Induced Inflammation: Possible Factors Modulating the Risk of Gastric Cancer
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Mechanism of Chronic Inflammation and Multi-Step Sequel of Gastric Carcinogenesis
3. H. pylori-Triggered Inflammation and Gastric Precursor Lesions
3.1. The Link between H. pylori-Induced Inflammation and Gastric Carcinogenesis
3.2. The Link between H. pylori-Triggered AG, IM, and GC
4. Risk Modulation of GC by Co-Existence of Gut Microbiota and Infestation with Intestinal Helminths
4.1. Gut Microbiota Other Than H. pylori and Their Role in Cascade of Gastric Cancer
4.2. Intestinal Helminth Infection Down-Regulates the Effect of H. pylori in Gastric Carcinogenesis
5. Relationship between Dietary Behavior of the People and Risk of GC
6. Inflammation-Related Genetic Polymorphisms Together with Other Factors as Initiators of Precancerous Lesions and GC
6.1. Cytokine Genes Influence Individual Response to Carcinogenic Exposures
6.2. Inflammatory Gene Polymorphism Alters Acid Production
7. Role of Exosomes in Gastric Cancer
8. Conclusions and Future Directions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Kumar, S.; Patel, G.K.; Ghoshal, U.C. Helicobacter pylori-Induced Inflammation: Possible Factors Modulating the Risk of Gastric Cancer. Pathogens 2021, 10, 1099. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10091099
Kumar S, Patel GK, Ghoshal UC. Helicobacter pylori-Induced Inflammation: Possible Factors Modulating the Risk of Gastric Cancer. Pathogens. 2021; 10(9):1099. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10091099
Chicago/Turabian StyleKumar, Sushil, Girijesh Kumar Patel, and Uday C. Ghoshal. 2021. "Helicobacter pylori-Induced Inflammation: Possible Factors Modulating the Risk of Gastric Cancer" Pathogens 10, no. 9: 1099. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10091099