Forests and Food Security: What’s Gender Got to Do with It?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Key Lessons about Women, Gender, Development and the Environment
3. Forests, Food Security and Gender
4. Gender and Forest Governance—Lessons for Forests and Food Security
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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- 1For the purpose of this review, we did not include industrial tree plantations.
- 2We reference the widely accepted definition from the 1996 World Food Summit, “Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.”
- 3Major international efforts that specifically examine food security in forest landscapes include the Global Forest Expert Panel on Forests and Food Security (GFEP-FFS) convened by the International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO), the Collaborative Partnership on Forests (CPF), research programs at the CIFOR and the World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF) and and sessions at the World Landscapes Forum. Rural social movements have long made the link between decent livelihoods and rights to forest as well (see for example [44,45,46]).
- 4Forests also contribute indirectly to food security. Ecosystem services to agriculture from forest include climate buffering, water filtration, pollination, genetic diversity, hosting natural enemy populations and protection against soil erosion [64,65,66,67,68]. Attempts to quantify the contribution of forests to agriculture are underway (see [69]). However, initial data indicate that the effect of these contributions can be economically significant. Pollination services from natural habitats have been valued at $112 billion USD [70]. Other services, including water regulation, nutrient cycling, biological pest control and microclimate regulation, all impact agricultural yields [66,71].
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Asher, K.; Shattuck, A. Forests and Food Security: What’s Gender Got to Do with It? Soc. Sci. 2017, 6, 34. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci6010034
Asher K, Shattuck A. Forests and Food Security: What’s Gender Got to Do with It? Social Sciences. 2017; 6(1):34. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci6010034
Chicago/Turabian StyleAsher, Kiran, and Annie Shattuck. 2017. "Forests and Food Security: What’s Gender Got to Do with It?" Social Sciences 6, no. 1: 34. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci6010034
APA StyleAsher, K., & Shattuck, A. (2017). Forests and Food Security: What’s Gender Got to Do with It? Social Sciences, 6(1), 34. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci6010034