Active Listening Attitude Scale (ALAS): Reliability and Validity in a Nationwide Sample of Greek Educators
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Teachers’ Listening and Active Listening Skills
1.2. Active Listening Attitude Scale
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Active Listening
2.2.2. Demographic Information
2.3. Procedure
2.4. Translation
3. Statistical Analysis
4. Results
5. Discussion
6. Strengths and Limitations
7. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ALAS | Active Listening Attitude Scale; |
CFA | Confirmatory Factor Analysis; |
CFI | Comparative Fit Index; |
EFA | Exploratory Factor Analysis; |
GFI | Goodness of Fit Index; |
RMSEA | Root Mean Square Error of Approximation; |
χ2 | chi square. |
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N (%) | |
---|---|
Sex | |
Men | 1108 (28.0) |
Women | 2847 (72.0) |
Age, mean (SD) | 43.3 (8.9) |
Years of teaching, mean (SD) | 15.5 (8.4) |
Principal | |
No | 3443 (87.1) |
Yes | 512 (12.9) |
Years as principle, mean (SD) | 7.2 (5.6) |
Mental health promotion training | |
No | 3141 (79.4) |
Yes | 814 (20.6) |
Factors | |||
---|---|---|---|
Item | 1 | 2 | 3 |
I talk with others personally. | 0.01 | 0.33 | 0.41 |
I’m asked my advice by other people. | −0.07 | 0.32 | 0.51 |
I’m the kind of person whom people feel easy to talk to. | −0.11 | 0.31 | 0.49 |
I don’t talk with someone else unless I have something I have to talk about. | 0.16 | 0.03 | −0.49 |
I’m willing to say something to others usually. | −0.03 | 0.31 | 0.55 |
I express my feelings straightforwardly. | 0.06 | 0.36 | 0.43 |
I can listen to other persons’ worries, but I can’t confide mine. | 0.14 | 0.04 | −0.57 |
I’m actually talking longer than the other person in spite of my intention to listen to him/her. | 0.26 | −0.04 | −0.04 |
I begin to talk before the other person finishes talking. | 0.60 | −0.22 | 0.31 |
I begin arguing with the other person before I know it, while I’m listening to him/her. | 0.57 | −0.09 | 0.00 |
While listening, I tend to talk to the other person, sticking to his/her trivial words. | 0.54 | −0.16 | 0.03 |
I inadvertently see the other person from a critical viewpoint. | 0.55 | −0.01 | −0.21 |
When I want to say something, I talk about it, even if I interrupt the other person. | 0.67 | −0.10 | 0.30 |
I tend to hurry the other person into talking faster. | 0.64 | −0.12 | 0.04 |
I can listen to the other person, even if he/she has a different opinion from mine. | −0.33 | 0.31 | 0.08 |
I tend to deny the other person’s opinion, when it’s different from mine. | 0.57 | −0.18 | −0.18 |
I tend to talk in a directive and persuasive way, while talking with others. | 0.51 | 0.14 | −0.06 |
I tend to persist in my opinion, while talking with others. | 0.59 | 0.05 | −0.15 |
While listening, I get irritated from not understanding the other person’s feelings. | 0.41 | 0.17 | −0.15 |
I talk offensively when I’m in a bad mood. | 0.49 | −0.14 | −0.13 |
I listen to the other person calmly, while he/she is speaking. | −0.37 | 0.41 | −0.20 |
I listen to others absent-mindedly. | 0.47 | −0.23 | −0.14 |
I listen to the other person, putting myself in his/her shoes. | −0.11 | 0.50 | 0.14 |
I listen to the other person, summarizing in my mind what he/she has said. | −0.07 | 0.60 | −0.10 |
I sometimes give the other person a brief summary of what he/she has said. | 0.02 | 0.49 | −0.06 |
I tend to listen to others seriously. | −0.25 | 0.47 | 0.13 |
When the other person is hesitating, I give him/her a chance by saying “For example, is it like this?” | −0.15 | 0.55 | 0.02 |
I listen to the other person, paying attention to his/her unexpressed feelings. | −0.15 | 0.65 | 0.09 |
I listen to the other person, paying more attention to the changes of his/her feelings than to the contents of his/her talk. | 0.12 | 0.44 | −0.03 |
I’m aware of my own feelings, while I’m listening to others | −0.17 | 0.53 | 0.07 |
I’m pleased that I have given some advice to the other person. | 0.02 | 0.41 | 0.23 |
Cumulative % variance explained | 13.90 | 26.20 | 32.50 |
Item | Corrected Item— Total Correlation | Cronbach’s Alpha if Item Deleted | Cronbach’s Alpha | Mean(SD) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Listening Attitude | 0.81 | 23.7(5.7) | ||
I begin to talk before the other person finishes talking. | 0.53 | 0.79 | ||
I begin arguing with the other person before I know it, while I’m listening to him/her. | 0.50 | 0.79 | ||
While listening, I tend to talk to the other person, sticking to his/her trivial words. | 0.47 | 0.79 | ||
I inadvertently see the other person from a critical viewpoint. | 0.47 | 0.79 | ||
When I want to say something, I talk about it, even if I interrupt the other person. | 0.56 | 0.79 | ||
I tend to hurry the other person into talking faster. | 0.53 | 0.79 | ||
I tend to deny the other person’s opinion, when it’s different from mine. | 0.50 | 0.79 | ||
I tend to talk in a directive and persuasive way, while talking with others. | 0.35 | 0.81 | ||
I tend to persist in my opinion, while talking with others. | 0.47 | 0.79 | ||
While listening, I get irritated from not understanding the other person’s feelings. | 0.28 | 0.81 | ||
I talk offensively when I’m in a bad mood. | 0.43 | 0.80 | ||
I listen to him/her absent-mindedly. | 0.41 | 0.80 | ||
Listening Skill | 0.72 | 23.1(3.4) | ||
I listen to the other person calmly, while he/she is speaking. | 0.32 | 0.71 | ||
I listen to the other person, putting myself in his/her shoes. | 0.38 | 0.70 | ||
I listen to the other person, summarizing in my mind what he/she has said. | 0.45 | 0.69 | ||
I sometimes give the other person a brief summary of what he/she has said. | 0.34 | 0.71 | ||
I tend to listen to others seriously. | 0.41 | 0.70 | ||
When the other person is hesitating, I give him/her a chance by saying “For example, is it like this?” | 0.46 | 0.69 | ||
I listen to the other person, paying attention to his/her unexpressed feelings. | 0.56 | 0.67 | ||
I listen to the other person, paying more attention to the changes of his/her feelings than to the contents of his/her talk. | 0.27 | 0.72 | ||
I’m aware of my own feelings, while I’m listening to others. | 0.42 | 0.70 | ||
I’m pleased that I have given some advice to the other person. | 0.29 | 0.71 | ||
Conversation Opportunity | 0.73 | 14.8(2.9) | ||
I talk with others personally. | 0.40 | 0.71 | ||
I’m asked my advice by other people. | 0.43 | 0.71 | ||
I’m the kind of person whom people feel easy to talk to. | 0.50 | 0.69 | ||
I don’t talk with someone else unless I have something I have to talk about. | 0.48 | 0.69 | ||
I’m willing to say something to others usually. | 0.46 | 0.70 | ||
I express my feelings straightforwardly. | 0.37 | 0.72 | ||
I can listen to other persons’ worries, but I can’t confide mine. | 0.49 | 0.69 |
Listening Attitude | Listening Skill | Conversation Opportunity | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) | p | Mean (SD) | p | Mean (SD) | p | |
Sex | ||||||
Men | 23.5(5.7) | 0.061 | 22.1(3.9) | <0.001 | 14.5(3.2) | <0.001 |
Women | 23.8(5.7) | 23.5(3.5) | 15.2(2.7) | |||
Age, r+ | 0.02 | 0.145 | 0.01 | 0.962 | 0.02 | 0.150 |
Principal | ||||||
No | 23.7(5.6) | 0.018 | 23(3.7) | 0.002 | 14.9(2.9) | 0.001 |
Yes | 24.3(5.9) | 23.6(3.8) | 15.4(2.8) | |||
Mental health promotion training | ||||||
No | 23.5(5.7) | <0.001 | 22.9(3.7) | <0.001 | 14.8(2.9) | <0.001 |
Yes | 24.5(5.6) | 23.8(3.4) | 15.6(2.6) |
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Kourmousi, N.; Amanaki, E.; Tzavara, C.; Koutras, V. Active Listening Attitude Scale (ALAS): Reliability and Validity in a Nationwide Sample of Greek Educators. Soc. Sci. 2017, 6, 28. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci6010028
Kourmousi N, Amanaki E, Tzavara C, Koutras V. Active Listening Attitude Scale (ALAS): Reliability and Validity in a Nationwide Sample of Greek Educators. Social Sciences. 2017; 6(1):28. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci6010028
Chicago/Turabian StyleKourmousi, Ntina, Eirini Amanaki, Chara Tzavara, and Vasilios Koutras. 2017. "Active Listening Attitude Scale (ALAS): Reliability and Validity in a Nationwide Sample of Greek Educators" Social Sciences 6, no. 1: 28. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci6010028
APA StyleKourmousi, N., Amanaki, E., Tzavara, C., & Koutras, V. (2017). Active Listening Attitude Scale (ALAS): Reliability and Validity in a Nationwide Sample of Greek Educators. Social Sciences, 6(1), 28. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci6010028