Comparison of Interdependent and Subjective Happiness between Japanese and Thai College Students: A Research Note
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Interdependent Happiness
2.2.2. Subjective Happiness
2.2.3. Independent and Interdependent Construal of the Self
2.2.4. Demographics
2.3. Procedures
2.4. Analytic Plan
3. Results
3.1. Demographics
3.2. Interdependent and Subjective Happiness
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Japan | Thailand | t or χ2 (p) | Effect Sizes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age in years, M (SD) | 19.4 (0.99) | 21.2 (1.52) | t(255.9) = 11.39 (0.00) | d = 1.33 |
Sex, n (%) | χ2 (1) = 0.04 (0.84) | φ2 = 0.00 | ||
Male | 45 (44.6) | 68 (43.3) | ||
Female | 56 (55.4) | 89 (56.7) | ||
Grade, n (%) | χ2 (3) = 91.81 (0.00) | φ2 = 0.36 | ||
first-year students | 55 (54.5) | 24 (15.3) | ||
Junior | 37 (36.6) | 25 (15.9) | ||
Sophomore | 6 (5.9) | 33 (21.0) | ||
Senior or higher | 3 (3.0) | 75 (47.8) | ||
Religion, n (%) | χ2 (2) = 100.00 (0.00) | φ2 = 0.39 | ||
Buddhism | 31 (30.7) | 137 (87.3) | ||
Other religion | 3 (3.0) | 8 (5.1) | ||
Not particular | 67 (66.3) | 12 (7.6) | ||
Working, n (%) | χ2 (1) = 37.10 (0.00) | φ2 = 0.14 | ||
Yes | 72 (71.3) | 51 (32.5) | ||
No | 29 (28.7) | 106 (67.5) | ||
Interdependent construal of the self, M (SD) | 44.7 (6.97) | 39.9 (6.82) | t(256) = 5.53 (0.00) | d = 0.71 |
Interdependent happiness, M (SD) | 30.4 (6.29) | 31.9 (5.54) | t(256) = 2.06 (0.04) | d = 0.26 |
Subjective happiness, M (SD) | 4.3 (1.08) | 4.7 (1.00) | t(256) = 3.36 (0.00) | d = 0.43 |
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Aoyama, H.; Horiuchi, S. Comparison of Interdependent and Subjective Happiness between Japanese and Thai College Students: A Research Note. Soc. Sci. 2023, 12, 587. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci12110587
Aoyama H, Horiuchi S. Comparison of Interdependent and Subjective Happiness between Japanese and Thai College Students: A Research Note. Social Sciences. 2023; 12(11):587. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci12110587
Chicago/Turabian StyleAoyama, Hitomi, and Satoshi Horiuchi. 2023. "Comparison of Interdependent and Subjective Happiness between Japanese and Thai College Students: A Research Note" Social Sciences 12, no. 11: 587. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci12110587