The Livelihood of Chinese Migrants in Timor-Leste
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Objective and Methodology
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Migration Experience and Adaptation of Migrant Workers from China in Timor-Leste
3.2. Entrepreneurial Experience in Timor-Leste
3.3. Strategy to Maintain Business during the COVID-19 Pandemic
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Interviewee’s Initials | Driving Factor | Pulling Factor | Adaptation Process in Host Country | Home Country Policy and Institutional Support | Business Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CCH | Home country business competition | Business opportunities in Timor-Leste and recommended by family (following brother) | Borrowing capital and entrepreneurship; building relationships by employing local people; getting support from fellow migrants (relatives); | There is institutional support (banks) in China to provide business loans | Store building |
ELN | Home country business competition | Business opportunities in Timor-Leste and recommended family (following uncle) | Collecting capital with entrepreneurship before migration; employing local people. | There is institutional support (banks) in China, but it has not been utilized. | Store building |
CHY | Home country business competition | Business opportunities in Timor-Leste and recommended by family (following father) | Learning Indonesian and Tetun through association with employees (local communities); resolving conflict through a good social network. | There is institutional support (banks) in China, but it has not been utilized. | Entertainment business |
LNC | Home country business competition | Business opportunities in Timor-Leste and recommended by friend | Building positive relations with local communities for business security; business-related violations are resolved amicably. | There is institutional support (banks) in China, but it has not been utilized. | Grocery business |
JCH | Home country business competition | Business opportunities in Timor-Leste and recommended by friend | Collecting capital with entrepreneurship; building positive relationships with local communities | There are support institutions (banks) in China to provide loans | Construction company |
LC | Home country business competition | Business opportunities in Timor-Leste and recommended by family | Collecting capital by working as an employee in a family-owned business | There is institutional support (banks) in China but not yet utilized | Grocery business |
TT | Home country business competition | Business opportunities in Timor-Leste and recommended by family (following brother) | Obtaining business capital from the family; building positive relationships with local communities | There is institutional support (banks) in China but not yet utilized | Food and home appliances business |
ST | Home country business competition | Business opportunities in Timor-Leste and recommended by friend | Collecting capital with entrepreneurship before migration; building positive relationships with local communities | There is institutional support (banks) in China but not yet utilized | ATK material provider business |
Interviewee’s Initials | Mobility and Access to Capital to Sustaining Livelihoods in Timor-Leste | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Social Capital | Financial Capital | Human Capital | Physical Capital | Natural Capital | Information | |
CCH | Expansion results | Initial capital | Initial capital | Expansion results | Expansion results | The same business intensification in different locations. |
ELN | Expansion results | Initial capital | Initial capital | Expansion results | Expansion results | Different business diversification in different locations. |
CHY | Expansion results | Initial capital | Initial capital | Expansion results | Expansion results | Transforming the basic food business into an entertainment and lodging business. |
LNC | Expansion results | Initial capital | Initial capital | Expansion results | Expansion results | Grocery store business expansion |
JHC | Expansion results | Initial capital | Initial capital | Expansion results | Expansion results | Business transformation from a construction material supplier to a construction company |
LC | Expansion results | Initial capital | Initial capital | Expansion results | Expansion results | Business expansion in different locations. |
TT | Expansion results | Initial capital | Initial capital | Expansion results | Expansion results | Product diversification and business extensification in different locations. |
ST | Expansion results | Initial capital | Initial capital | Expansion results | Expansion results | Different business diversification in different locations. |
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Fernandes, A.; Prabawa, T.S.; Therik, W.M.A. The Livelihood of Chinese Migrants in Timor-Leste. Soc. Sci. 2022, 11, 157. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11040157
Fernandes A, Prabawa TS, Therik WMA. The Livelihood of Chinese Migrants in Timor-Leste. Social Sciences. 2022; 11(4):157. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11040157
Chicago/Turabian StyleFernandes, Ajito, Titi Susilowati Prabawa, and Wilson M. A. Therik. 2022. "The Livelihood of Chinese Migrants in Timor-Leste" Social Sciences 11, no. 4: 157. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11040157
APA StyleFernandes, A., Prabawa, T. S., & Therik, W. M. A. (2022). The Livelihood of Chinese Migrants in Timor-Leste. Social Sciences, 11(4), 157. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11040157