Children’s Developmental (Im)maturity: Aligning Conflicting Decisional Capacity Assessment Approaches in Australia

Children’s decision-making is complex. There are many factors that contribute to children’s decisional capacity including cognitive reasoning, developmental maturity, upbringing and circumstances. For healthcare decisions, Australian law acknowledges children’s autonomy, and permits mature children to consent to beneficial healthcare. Yet, it also protects them from making life-changing decisions that could contravene their best interests. The criminal law approaches to children’s decision-making in Australia’s jurisdictions involves holding older children fully responsible for their decision-making, regardless of circumstances or maturity. The two approaches conflict because health law offers a protective mechanism for children yet criminal law imposes a punitive approach to children’s decision-making. This article considers whether the dichotomous approaches for children’s capacity assessments in Australian law can be reconciled.