Influence of Temperature-Dependent Properties of Aluminum Alloy on Evolution of Plastic Strain and Residual Stress during Quenching Process
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Theoretical Analysis
2.2. Quenching Experiment: Material and Heat Treatment
2.3. Numerical Simulation
3. Results and Analysis
3.1. Influence of Material Properties at Different Temperatures on the Evolution of Stress and Strain
3.2. Influence of Cooling Rates at Different Temperatures on Residual Stress
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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T | Temperature |
∆T | temperature difference between the temperature of the unit and reference temperature 0 °C |
Tg | temperature difference between the two units of the model |
thermal expansion coefficient | |
E | elastic modulus |
Ep | plastic modulus |
σ0.2 | yield strength |
i | number of the unit |
εT | thermal expansion strain |
ε | total strain |
εe | elastic strain |
εp | plastic strain |
σ | thermal stress |
PEEQ | equivalent plastic strain |
PE22 | plastic strain in y direction |
S22 | stress in y direction |
Temperature (°C) | 30 | 130 | 230 | 330 | 430 | 530 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ep (MPa) | 9000 | 5000 | 2000 | 1000 | 400 | 200 |
Cu | Mg | Mn | Si | Fe | Ni | Zn | Ti | Al |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4.28 | 0.6 | 0.81 | 0.94 | 0.15 | 0.003 | 0.01 | 0.04 | Balance |
Samples | Solution Treatment | Quenching Technology | Ageing Treatment |
---|---|---|---|
A1 | 500 °C/4 h | 20 °C | 165 °C/9 h |
A2 | 500 °C/4 h | Step 1: 20 °C Step 2: air | 165 °C/9 h |
A3 | 500 °C/4 h | Spray quenching | 165 °C/9 h |
Temperature (°C) | 20 | 100 | 200 | 300 | 400 | 500 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conductivities (W·m−1·K−1) | 114.3 | 122.3 | 130.8 | 145.1 | 124.5 | 122.7 |
Specific heat capacities (J·kg−1·K−1) | 809 | 860 | 897 | 922 | 872 | 985 |
Elasticity moduli (GPa) | 81.5 | 66.2 | 49.3 | 31.0 | 25.3 | -- |
Thermal expansion coefficients (10−5) | 2.08 | 2.19 | 2.61 | 2.70 | 2.68 | 2.73 |
Samples Material Properties | M0 | M1 | M2 | M3 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Thermal expansion coefficients | -- | adjusting | -- | -- |
Elasticity moduli | -- | -- | adjusting | -- |
Yield strengths | -- | -- | -- | adjusting |
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Zhang, Y.; Yi, Y.; Huang, S.; He, H. Influence of Temperature-Dependent Properties of Aluminum Alloy on Evolution of Plastic Strain and Residual Stress during Quenching Process. Metals 2017, 7, 228. https://doi.org/10.3390/met7060228
Zhang Y, Yi Y, Huang S, He H. Influence of Temperature-Dependent Properties of Aluminum Alloy on Evolution of Plastic Strain and Residual Stress during Quenching Process. Metals. 2017; 7(6):228. https://doi.org/10.3390/met7060228
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Yuxun, Youping Yi, Shiquan Huang, and Hailin He. 2017. "Influence of Temperature-Dependent Properties of Aluminum Alloy on Evolution of Plastic Strain and Residual Stress during Quenching Process" Metals 7, no. 6: 228. https://doi.org/10.3390/met7060228