The Location of Death and Dying Across Canada: A Study Illustrating the Socio-Political Context of Death and Dying
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Region of Canada | Total Deaths—All Places (N) | In-Hospital Deaths (N) | In-Hospital Deaths (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Province | |||
Alberta (AB) | 24,164 | 10,521 | 43.5 |
British Columbia (BC) | 34,652 | 14,177 | 40.9 |
Manitoba (MN) | 10,503 | 5403 | 51.5 |
New Brunswick (NB) | 6870 | 3921 | 57.0 |
Newfoundland and Labrador (NL) | 4943 | 2523 | 51.0 |
Nova Scotia (NS) | 8854 | 4775 | 53.9 |
Ontario (ON) | 99,231 | 41,304 | 41.6 |
Prince Edward Island (PEI) | 1296 | 665 | 51.3 |
Saskatchewan (SK) | 9482 | 4427 | 46.7 |
Territory | |||
Northwest Territories (NWT) | 222 | 19 | 8.5 |
Nunavut (NU) | 171 | 26 | 15.2 |
Yukon Territory (YT) | 226 | 15 | 6.6 |
Total Deaths | 200,614 | 87,776 * | 43.8 |
Variable | All Territories and Provinces Combined | Low Outliers (Territory and Provincial) | High Outliers (Territory and Provincial) |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 75.1 (mean)/79 (median) | 54.0/58.5 (NU) | 64.7/65.0 (YT) |
72.8/77.0 (AB) | 76.5/78.0 (NB) | ||
Gender (male) | 52.9% | 53.8% (NU) | 63.2% (NWT) |
49.3% (PEI) | 64.9% (BC) | ||
Direct admission to hospital | 18.8% | 15.4% (NU) | 63.2% (NWT) |
15.7% (BC) | 29.7% (MN) | ||
Admitted through the ER | 79.0% | 36.8% (NWT) | 84.6% (NU) |
67.4% (MN) | 83.0% (BC) | ||
Ambulance arrival | 70.5% | 65.4% (NU) | 89.5% (NWT) |
54.0% (MB) | 75.0% (NF) | ||
At home without home care services prior to final stay | 67.0% | 15.8% (NWT) | 65.4% (NU) |
61.0% (AB) | 72.9% (BC) | ||
At home with home care services prior to final stay | 3.6% | 0 (NWT, YT, NU) | 0 (NWT, YT, NU) |
0 (NL) | 11.0% (NS) | ||
At nursing home prior to final stay | 6.2% | 0 (NWT, YT, NU) | 0 (NWT, YT, NU) |
0.8% (NL) | 9.0% (PEI) | ||
At another acute care hospital prior to final stay | 9.3% | 26.9% (NU) | 68.4% (NWT) |
6.9% (ON) | 20.1% (SK) | ||
Total hospital stay—acute and alternative level of care (days) | 16.4 (mean) (7 median) | 15.1/10 (YT) | 16.7/7 (NWT) |
13.9/6 (ON) | 26.5/9 (NB) | ||
Alternative level of care stay component (days) | 2.0 (mean) (0 median) | 0.0/0 (YT/NWT) | 0.3/0 (NU) |
1.0/0 (SK) | 8.8/0 (NB) | ||
Length of special care unit stay (hours) | 135.4 (mean) (62 median) | 119.1/77.0 (YT) | 244.9/95.0 (NU) |
111.4/53.0 (SK) | 143.9/63.0 (ON) | ||
Death in a special care unit (ICU/CCU) | 29.2% | 42.3% (NU) | 73.3% (YT) |
11.8% (NS) | 24.5% (ON) | ||
Died during an intervention | 0.8% | missing | missing |
0.2% (NS) | 2.6% (PEI) | ||
Preadmission flag | 4.9% | 10.5% (NWT) | 13.3% (YT) |
1.1% (NB) | 5.9% (ON) | ||
Most frequent final primary diagnosis | FAHS and CHS * 24.6% | 0 (NWT) | 15.4% (NU) |
21.1% (ON) | 42.4% (NS) | ||
Second most frequent final primary diagnosis | Circulatory disorders 18.6% | 7.2% (NU) | 36.8% (NWT) |
14.1% (NS) | 21.4% (PEI) | ||
Third most frequent final primary diagnosis | Respiratory disorders 15.2% | 0 (NWT) | 6.7% (YT) |
12.2% (NS) | 17.3% (PEI) | ||
Fourth most frequent final primary diagnosis | Neoplasms 9.6% | 6.7% (YT) | 26.3% (NWT) |
7.2% (NL/NS) | 12.0% (PEI) |
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Wilson, D.M.; Shen, Y.; Errasti-Ibarrondo, B.; Birch, S. The Location of Death and Dying Across Canada: A Study Illustrating the Socio-Political Context of Death and Dying. Societies 2018, 8, 112. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc8040112
Wilson DM, Shen Y, Errasti-Ibarrondo B, Birch S. The Location of Death and Dying Across Canada: A Study Illustrating the Socio-Political Context of Death and Dying. Societies. 2018; 8(4):112. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc8040112
Chicago/Turabian StyleWilson, Donna M., Ye Shen, Begoña Errasti-Ibarrondo, and Stephen Birch. 2018. "The Location of Death and Dying Across Canada: A Study Illustrating the Socio-Political Context of Death and Dying" Societies 8, no. 4: 112. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc8040112
APA StyleWilson, D. M., Shen, Y., Errasti-Ibarrondo, B., & Birch, S. (2018). The Location of Death and Dying Across Canada: A Study Illustrating the Socio-Political Context of Death and Dying. Societies, 8(4), 112. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc8040112