Annual Baseline King-Devick Oculomotor Function Testing Is Needed Due to Scores Varying by Age
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Human Performance Exercise & Wellbeing Centre, Bucks New University, Bucks, Buckinghamshire HP11 2JZ, UK
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Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Faculty of Health and Environmental Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
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Wolfson Research Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
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National Institute of Stroke and Applied Neuroscience (NISAN), Faculty of Health and Environmental Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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International College of Management, Sydney, NSW 2095, Australia
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College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
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School of Sport Health and Applied Science, St. Mary’s University, Twickenham, London TW1 4SX, UK
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Thomas W. Kaminski
Sports 2021, 9(12), 166; https://doi.org/10.3390/sports9120166
Received: 13 October 2021
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Revised: 3 December 2021
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Accepted: 9 December 2021
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Published: 13 December 2021
Objective: To document baseline King-Devick (K-D) oculomotor function scores for male and female participants aged between 4 and 20 years old. Methods: Utilising a cross section of schools, rugby clubs and gymnastic clubs, 1936 participants (1300 male, 636 female) completed the spiral-bound K-D test for the identification of disturbed oculomotor function. Results: This study identified that overall, the baseline scores of the K-D test became faster by 1.4 (0.3 to 4.5) s per year, when compared with the previous age group in the same number of reading card groups. When comparing normative values of the original K-D validation study with the same age groups of the current cohort, participants aged 6 to 11 years recorded a faster baseline time (range 3.5 to 8.6 s), while those in the 12 to 14 years. age group recorded slower baseline times (range −3.9 to −7.9 s). Discussion: In general, there were age group differences, but not sex differences, for K-D test times in the current cohort. Analysis of single card times, across all age groups, showed changes likely due to improved reading time. Conclusion: The results support the need for individualised annual pre-injury baseline testing of the K-D test.
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Keywords:
oculomotor function; internal consistency; test–retest reliability; individualised; baseline testing
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MDPI and ACS Style
Gallagher, D.; King, D.; Hume, P.; Clark, T.; Pearce, A.; Gissane, C. Annual Baseline King-Devick Oculomotor Function Testing Is Needed Due to Scores Varying by Age. Sports 2021, 9, 166. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports9120166
AMA Style
Gallagher D, King D, Hume P, Clark T, Pearce A, Gissane C. Annual Baseline King-Devick Oculomotor Function Testing Is Needed Due to Scores Varying by Age. Sports. 2021; 9(12):166. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports9120166
Chicago/Turabian StyleGallagher, Dearbhla, Doug King, Patria Hume, Trevor Clark, Alan Pearce, and Conor Gissane. 2021. "Annual Baseline King-Devick Oculomotor Function Testing Is Needed Due to Scores Varying by Age" Sports 9, no. 12: 166. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports9120166
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