Correction: Zhang et al. Phylogenetics and Evolutionary Dynamics of Yunnan Acrididae Grasshoppers Inferred from 17 New Mitochondrial Genomes. Insects 2025, 16, 151

Error in Figures 4–9

In the original publication [1], there was a mistake regarding Ranacris jinpingensis in Figures 4–9 as published. A specimen was misidentified as Ranacris jinpingensis when it should have been identified as Spathosternum prasiniferum yunnanensis, leading to inaccuracies in the phylogenetic analysis. The corrected Figure 4, Figure 5, Figure 6, Figure 7, Figure 8 and Figure 9 with Spathosternum prasiniferum yunnanensis1 appear below. The authors state that the scientific conclusions are unaffected. This correction was approved by the Academic Editor. The original publication has also been updated.

Figure 4. Species tree of Yunnan Acrididae based on concatenated mitochondrial genes. The tree was constructed using ASTRAL from individual gene trees generated by IQ-TREE maximum likelihood analyses. Numbers at nodes represent posterior probability values.

Figure 4. Species tree of Yunnan Acrididae based on concatenated mitochondrial genes. The tree was constructed using ASTRAL from individual gene trees generated by IQ-TREE maximum likelihood analyses. Numbers at nodes represent posterior probability values.

Figure 5. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of Yunnan Acrididae based on concatenated mitochondrial sequences. Branch support values are shown as ultrafast bootstrap percentages (UFboot). Major subfamilies are indicated by different colors.

Figure 5. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of Yunnan Acrididae based on concatenated mitochondrial sequences. Branch support values are shown as ultrafast bootstrap percentages (UFboot). Major subfamilies are indicated by different colors.

Figure 6. Time-calibrated phylogeny of Yunnan Acrididae based on concatenated mitochondrial sequences (13 PCGs + 2 rRNAs) using BEAST2. Node ages are shown in millions of years (Mya), with green bars indicating 95% highest posterior density (HPD) intervals.

Figure 6. Time-calibrated phylogeny of Yunnan Acrididae based on concatenated mitochondrial sequences (13 PCGs + 2 rRNAs) using BEAST2. Node ages are shown in millions of years (Mya), with green bars indicating 95% highest posterior density (HPD) intervals.

Figure 7. Hierarchical clustering analysis of relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) values in mitochondrial protein-coding genes across Acrididae species. The heatmap shows RSCU values for all codons (x-axis) in each species (y-axis). Colors represent RSCU values ranging from 0 (dark blue) to 4 (dark red), with white indicating neutral usage (RSCU = 1). The dendrogram on the left shows the clustering of species based on their codon usage patterns.

Figure 7. Hierarchical clustering analysis of relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) values in mitochondrial protein-coding genes across Acrididae species. The heatmap shows RSCU values for all codons (x-axis) in each species (y-axis). Colors represent RSCU values ranging from 0 (dark blue) to 4 (dark red), with white indicating neutral usage (RSCU = 1). The dendrogram on the left shows the clustering of species based on their codon usage patterns.

Figure 8. Principal component analysis (PCA) of genetic distances among 63 Acrididae species representing 13 subfamilies. The plot shows the first two principal components. Different colors represent distinct subfamilies, with ellipses indicating 95% confidence intervals for each subfamily group. Points represent individual species. The significant clustering pattern (R = 0.5456, p = 0.001) demonstrates clear subfamily-level genetic differentiation.

Figure 8. Principal component analysis (PCA) of genetic distances among 63 Acrididae species representing 13 subfamilies. The plot shows the first two principal components. Different colors represent distinct subfamilies, with ellipses indicating 95% confidence intervals for each subfamily group. Points represent individual species. The significant clustering pattern (R = 0.5456, p = 0.001) demonstrates clear subfamily-level genetic differentiation.

Figure 9. Pairwise genetic distances among 63 Yunnan Acrididae species based on concatenated mitochondrial sequences (13 protein-coding genes and 2 RNA genes). Hierarchical clustering heatmap showing genetic distances between species pairs. The color gradient from blue to red represents increasing genetic distance (scale bar shown).

Figure 9. Pairwise genetic distances among 63 Yunnan Acrididae species based on concatenated mitochondrial sequences (13 protein-coding genes and 2 RNA genes). Hierarchical clustering heatmap showing genetic distances between species pairs. The color gradient from blue to red represents increasing genetic distance (scale bar shown).

Error in Table 1

In the original publication [1], there was a mistake in Ranacris jinpingensis of Table 1 as published. A specimen was misidentified as Ranacris jinpingensis when it should have been identified as Spathosternum prasiniferum yunnanensis, leading to inaccuracies in the phylogenetic analysis. The corrected Table 1 with Spathosternum prasiniferum yunnanensis1 appears below. The authors state that the scientific conclusions are unaffected. This correction was approved by the Academic Editor. The original publication has also been updated.

Table 1. The source of sample information.

Subfamily	Species	Authority	Collecting Data
Acrididae
Acridinae	Pseudoptygonotus prominemarginis	Zheng and Mao, 1996	China: Yunnan: Dali (from Orthoptera Species File)
Caryandinae	Lemba yunnana	Ma and Zheng, 1994	China: Yunnan
Spathosterninae	Spathosternum prasiniferum yunnanensis1	Wei and Zheng, 2005	China: Yunnan: Jinping
Catantopinae	Xenocatantops humilis	(Serville, 1838)	Baie de Palabaun
Conophyminae	Conophymacris conicerca	Bi and Xia, 1984	China: Yunnan: Baoshan
Coptacrinae	Pseudotraulia cornuata	Laosinchai and Jago, 1980	Thailand
Coptacrinae	Coptacra tonkinensis	Willemse, 1939	Vietnam: Son La: Than-Moi
Coptacrinae	Epistaurus aberrans	Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893	Myanmar: Kachin: Bhamó
Coptacrinae	Eucoptacra binghami	Uvarov, 1921	Myanmar
Coptacrinae	Meltripata chloronema	Zheng, 1982	China: Yunnan: Jinghong
Eyprepocnemidinae	Choroedocus violaceipes	Miller, 1934	Negri Sembilan, Tampin
Eyprepocnemidinae	Eyprepocnemis yunnanensis	Zheng, Lian and Xi, 1982	China: Yunnan: Jinghong
Oedipodinae	Heteropternis rufipes	(Shiraki, 1910)	Japan
Oedipodinae	Pternoscirta sauteri	(Karny, 1915)	Taiwan: Taiwan: Nantou: Kosempo
Oxyinae	Longchuanacris macrofurculus	Zheng and Fu, 1989	China: Yunnan: Ruili
Oxyinae	Racilia aurora	(Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893)	Myanmar
Spathosterninae	Spathosternum prasiniferum yunnanensis2	Wei and Zheng, 2005	China: Yunnan: Jinping, Mengla

Table 1. The source of sample information.

Subfamily	Species	Authority	Collecting Data
Acrididae
Acridinae	Pseudoptygonotus prominemarginis	Zheng and Mao, 1996	China: Yunnan: Dali (from Orthoptera Species File)
Caryandinae	Lemba yunnana	Ma and Zheng, 1994	China: Yunnan
Spathosterninae	Spathosternum prasiniferum yunnanensis1	Wei and Zheng, 2005	China: Yunnan: Jinping
Catantopinae	Xenocatantops humilis	(Serville, 1838)	Baie de Palabaun
Conophyminae	Conophymacris conicerca	Bi and Xia, 1984	China: Yunnan: Baoshan
Coptacrinae	Pseudotraulia cornuata	Laosinchai and Jago, 1980	Thailand
Coptacrinae	Coptacra tonkinensis	Willemse, 1939	Vietnam: Son La: Than-Moi
Coptacrinae	Epistaurus aberrans	Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893	Myanmar: Kachin: Bhamó
Coptacrinae	Eucoptacra binghami	Uvarov, 1921	Myanmar
Coptacrinae	Meltripata chloronema	Zheng, 1982	China: Yunnan: Jinghong
Eyprepocnemidinae	Choroedocus violaceipes	Miller, 1934	Negri Sembilan, Tampin
Eyprepocnemidinae	Eyprepocnemis yunnanensis	Zheng, Lian and Xi, 1982	China: Yunnan: Jinghong
Oedipodinae	Heteropternis rufipes	(Shiraki, 1910)	Japan
Oedipodinae	Pternoscirta sauteri	(Karny, 1915)	Taiwan: Taiwan: Nantou: Kosempo
Oxyinae	Longchuanacris macrofurculus	Zheng and Fu, 1989	China: Yunnan: Ruili
Oxyinae	Racilia aurora	(Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893)	Myanmar
Spathosterninae	Spathosternum prasiniferum yunnanensis2	Wei and Zheng, 2005	China: Yunnan: Jinping, Mengla

Text Correction

There was an error in the original publication [1]. A specimen of Spathosternum prasiniferum yunnanensis was misidentified as Ranacris jinpingensis. We have updated all occurrences of this species name throughout the text, including (1) Paragraph 1 of Section 2.1; (2) Paragraph 5 of Section 3.2; (3) Paragraph 4 of Section 4.1; and (4) Paragraph 1 of Section 4.3.

A correction has been made to 2. Materials and Methods, 2.1. Sample Collection and DNA Extraction.

Corrected paragraph: Specimens representing 17 Acrididae species were collected from various locations across Yunnan Province, China, between 2018 and 2023 by Prof. Maobenyong’s team at Dali University (Table 1). Collection sites covered diverse ecological zones across the entire Yunnan Province, which does not have major biogeographic zones. However, these species showed strong zone specificity—for example, Eyprepocnemis yunnanensis was found exclusively in the southern region of Yunnan. Collection sites for these species were strategically selected to represent all three major biogeographic zones within Yunnan: The northwestern localities of Dali and Baoshan, the southeastern localities of Jinping and Mengla, and the southern valleys of Jinghong and Ruili. For each species, over three individuals were collected. All specimens were morphologically identified using established taxonomic keys and preserved in 100% ethanol at −80 °C. For DNA sequencing preparation, one sample with the largest body size was selected from each species collection. Total genomic DNA was extracted from the muscle tissue of the femur using the TIANamp Genomic DNA Kit (TIANGEN, Beijing, China. DP304-03) following the manufacturer’s protocols.

A correction has been made to 3. Results, 3.2. Phylogenetic Inference and Divergence Time Estimation

Corrected paragraph: The phylogenetic reconstruction demonstrates that it has uplifted most of the hierarchical clades with strong bootstrap support (>90%). The Oedipodinae clade, including Locusta, Gastrimargus, Oedaleus, and related genera, is strongly supported (97–100%). Within this group, the two subspecies of Locusta migratoria (L. m. manilensis and L. m. migratorioides) show an extremely close relationship with very short branch lengths. Another well-supported clade (100%) comprises the Oxya species (O. agavisa and O. japonica), sister to Pseudoxya diminuta. The Oxytauchira species form a monophyletic group with 100% bootstrap support, with O. brachyptera and O. ruficornis being more closely related to each other than to O. flange. The genus Yunnanacris (Y. wenshanensis and Y. yunnaneus) forms a well-supported clade (100%), sister to Alulacris shilinensis (99%).

A correction has been made to 4. Discussion, 4.1. Phylogenetic Relationships and Taxonomic Revisions.

Corrected paragraph: In addition, based on detailed morphological examinations [40], our ongoing taxonomic revision of Yunnan grasshoppers provides new insights into their phylogeny.

A correction has been made to 4. Discussion, 4.3. Species Conservation Implications

Corrected paragraph: Our phylogenetic analyses reveal several evolutionarily distinct lineages that warrant immediate conservation attention. Among the newly documented species in this study, several taxa show extremely restricted distributions, being rarely observed even in neighboring provinces such as Guangxi. These include species such as Eucoptacra binghami that are notably difficult to observe and collect [37]. While we have maintained a conservative approach by not explicitly declaring these as Yunnan-endemic species due to the possibility of future discoveries in adjacent regions, their current known distributions suggest a high conservation priority.

The authors state that the scientific conclusions are unaffected. This correction was approved by the Academic Editor. The original publication has also been updated.