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Insecticidal Properties of Erythritol on Four Tropical Tephritid Fruit Flies, Zeugodacus cucurbitae, Ceratitis capitata, Bactrocera dorsalis, and B. latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae)
 
 
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Correction

Correction: He et al. Biology, Ecology and Management of Tephritid Fruit Flies in China: A Review. Insects 2023, 14, 196

1
Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
2
Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Insects 2024, 15(2), 93; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15020093
Submission received: 30 September 2023 / Revised: 1 December 2023 / Accepted: 5 January 2024 / Published: 31 January 2024

Error in Figure/Table

In the original publication [1], there was a mistake in Figure 1 and Table 1 and Table 2 as published. Overall, the issue that needs to be corrected relates to the fact that the distribution range of tephritid fruit flies is not as large as previously described. Although they were mentioned in the literature, sometimes there is no evidence of the field collection of adults or larvae. In other instances, the fruit can only be infested when the hard peel is mechanically damaged and therefore cannot be considered a host.
The corrected Figure 1 and Table 1 and Table 2 are shown below.
Figure 1. Distribution of tephritid fruit flies in each province of China. The size of the solid circles in the figure represents the species number of tephritid fruit flies. Colors in the figure represent different regions (Red, yellow, green, blue, purple, and pink represent North, Central, South, East, Southwest, and Northwest China respectively). Abbreviations: AH, Anhui; CQ, Chongqing Shi; FJ, Fujian; GD, Guangdong; GX, Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu; GZ, Guizhou; HA, Henan; HB, Hubei; HI, Hainan; HK, Hong Kong; HN, Hunan; JS, Jiangsu; JX Jiangxi; NM, Nei Mongol Zizhiqu; SC, Sichuan; SH, Shanghai Shi; SN, Shaanxi, SX, Shanxi; XJ Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, TW, Taiwan; YN, Yunnan; ZJ, Zhejiang. The map data was generated by Geospatial Data Cloud (https://www.gscloud.cn, accessed on 4 February 2022) and Alibaba Cloud (DataV.GeoAtlas, http://datav.aliyun.com/portal/school/atlas/area_selector, accessed on 4 February 2022). The spa-tial analysis function was via ArcGIS (version 10.7) and Mapshaper (https://mapshaper.org, accessed on 4 February 2022).
Figure 1. Distribution of tephritid fruit flies in each province of China. The size of the solid circles in the figure represents the species number of tephritid fruit flies. Colors in the figure represent different regions (Red, yellow, green, blue, purple, and pink represent North, Central, South, East, Southwest, and Northwest China respectively). Abbreviations: AH, Anhui; CQ, Chongqing Shi; FJ, Fujian; GD, Guangdong; GX, Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu; GZ, Guizhou; HA, Henan; HB, Hubei; HI, Hainan; HK, Hong Kong; HN, Hunan; JS, Jiangsu; JX Jiangxi; NM, Nei Mongol Zizhiqu; SC, Sichuan; SH, Shanghai Shi; SN, Shaanxi, SX, Shanxi; XJ Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, TW, Taiwan; YN, Yunnan; ZJ, Zhejiang. The map data was generated by Geospatial Data Cloud (https://www.gscloud.cn, accessed on 4 February 2022) and Alibaba Cloud (DataV.GeoAtlas, http://datav.aliyun.com/portal/school/atlas/area_selector, accessed on 4 February 2022). The spa-tial analysis function was via ArcGIS (version 10.7) and Mapshaper (https://mapshaper.org, accessed on 4 February 2022).
Insects 15 00093 g001
Table 1. Distribution of tephritid fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in China (based on the provincial level).
Table 1. Distribution of tephritid fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in China (based on the provincial level).
Specific NameRegionsProvincesNative RangeFirst ReportedReferences
Bactrocera correctaEastTaiwanIndia and South-East Asia1982, Yunnan[10–17]
SouthGuangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu
SouthwestSichuan (only detected in Miyi County) and Yunnan
Bactrocera dorsalisCentralHubei and HunanSouth-East China 1911, Taiwan[16,18–32]
EastAnhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai Shi , Jiangxi, Fujian and Taiwan
SouthGuangdong, Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu, Hainan and Hong Kong
SouthwestGuizhou, Sichuan, Chongqing Shi and Yunnan
Bactrocera latifrons (only captured by bait traps)EastFujian and TaiwanSouth-East Asia-[16,33–43]
SouthHainan, Guangdong and Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu
SouthwestGuizhou and Yunnan
Bactrocera minaxNorthwestShaanxiChina-[44–49]
EastJiangxi and Taiwan
Central Hubei and Hunan
SouthGuangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu
SouthwestGuizhou, Sichuan, and Yunnan
Bactrocera tsuneonisEastTaiwan East Asia1940, Sichuan[16,20,50–54]
CentralHunan
SouthwestGuizhou, Sichuan, and Yunnan
Zeugodacus scutellatus (only captured by bait traps)NorthShanxiEast Asia1912, Taiwan[16,52,55–64]
NorthwestShaanxi (only 6 adults captured by bait traps in 1984)
EastAnhui, Jiangxi, Fujian and Taiwan
CentralHenan, Hubei and Hunan
SouthGuangdong, Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu and Hainan
SouthwestGuizhou, Sichuan, Chongqing Shi and Yunnan
Carpomya vesuvianaNorthwestXinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu (currently limited in Turpan region and under official control)India2007, Xinjiang (Turpan)[65,66]
Rhagoletis batava obseuriosaNorthNei Mongol ZizhiquRussia1985, Liaoning [67–69]
NorthwestShaanxi and Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu
Zeugodacus cucurbitaeEastZhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian and TaiwanIndia1960, Taiwan[16,39,70–80]
CentralHubei and Hunan
SouthGuangdong, Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu, Hainan and Hong Kong
SouthwestGuizhou, Sichuan Chongqing Shi and Yunnan
Zeugodacus tauEastZhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian and TaiwanAsia1912, Guangdong and Yunnan[16,59,77,81–89]
CentralHenan, Hubei, and Hunan
SouthGuangdong, Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu and Hainan
SouthwestGuizhou, Sichuan, Chongqing Shi and Yunnan
Notes: “⊙” represents municipalities directly under the control of the Central Government, and “●” represents special administrative regions (SAR).
Table 2. Records of host plants of tephritid fruit flies in China.
Table 2. Records of host plants of tephritid fruit flies in China.
Tephritid SpeciesPlant TypePlant FamilyPlant SpeciesDegree of DamageReferences
Bactrocera
correcta
FruitAnacardiaceaeAnacardium occidentalend[3,94,95]
Mangifera indica+++
AnnonaceaeAnnona squamosa++
CombretaceaeTerminalia catappand
MusaceaeMusa nana++
MyrtaceaePsidium guajava+++
Syzygium samarangensend
OxalidaceaeAverrhoa carambola+++
RhamnaceaeZiziphus jujuband
Ziziphus mauritiana++
RosaceaePrunus salicina+
Prunus spp.nd
Pseudocydonia sinensis++
Pyrus pyrifolia+
RutaceaeCitrus maxima+
Citrus reticulata++
Citrus sinensis+
SapotaceaeManilkara zapotand
VegetableCucurbitaceaeCucumis sativus+
Momordica charantia++
SolanaceaeCapsicum annuum+
Solanum lycopersicum+
Solanum melongena+
Bactrocera
dorsalis
FruitActinidiaceaeActinidia fulvicoma+[96–98]
AnacardiaceaeMangifera indica+/++++
AnnonaceaeDesmos chinensis+
EbenaceaeDiospyros kaki+
Diospyros morrisiana++
Diospyros tutcheri+
EuphorbiaceaePhyllanthus emblica+
MelastomataceaeMelastoma dodecandrum+
MoraceaeBroussonetia kaempferi+
Broussonetia papyrifera+
Ficus hirta+
Ficus sagittata+
MusaceaeMusa nanand
MyricaceaeMyrica rubra++
MyrtaceaeAcmena acuminatissima+
Cleistocalyx operculatus++
Psidium guajava+++/++++
Rhodomyrtus tomentosa++
Syzygium jambos++++
Syzygium levinei+
Syzygium samarangense++++
OxalidaceaeAverrhoa carambola+++
PunicaceaePunica granatum+++
RhamnaceaeZiziphus jujuba++++
Ziziphus spp.nd
RhizophoraceaeCarallia brachiata++
RosaceaeAmygdalus davidiana++
Duchesnea indica+
Eriobotrya fragrans+
Eriobotrya japonica++/++++
Malus pumila+
Prunus mume+
Prunus persica+/++++
Prunus phaeosticta+
Prunus salicina+
Pseudocydonia sinensis+
Pyrus calleryana+
Pyrus pyrifolia+
Rubus leucanthus+
Rubus reflexus+
Rubus rosifolius+
Rubus sumatranus+
RutaceaeCitrus limon+
Citrus maxima+
Citrus reticulata+++
Clausena lansium++
Fortunella hindsii++
SapotaceaeManilkara zapota+
VitaceaeCayratia japonica+
Vitis amurensis+
Vitis vinifera+
VegetableCucurbitaceaeCucumis melo+
Cucumis sativus++
Cucurbita moschata+
Luffa aegyptiaca++++
Momordica charantia+
Sechium edule+
SolanaceaeCapsicum annuum+
Solanum lycopersicum++
Solanum melongena+
Bactrocera latifronsVegetableSolanaceaeCapsicum annuum+[33,99,100]
Solanum melongena+
Bactrocera
minax
FruitRutaceaeCitrus aurantiumnd[47]
Citrus erythrosand
Citrus junosnd
Citrus limonnd
Citrus maxima+++/++++
Citrus medica+++/++++
Citrus paradisind
Citrus poonensis+/++++
Citrus reticulatand
Citrus sinensis+/++/+++/++++
Citrus tangerina+/+++
Citrus unshiu+/++/+++/++++
Fortunella margaritand
Poncirus trifoliatand
Bactrocera
tsuneonis
FruitRutaceaeCitrus aurantiumnd[101,102]
Citrus reticulatand
Citrus sinensisnd
Fortunella japonicand
Carpomya
vesuviana
FruitRhamnaceaeZiziphus spp.nd[65]
Rhagoletis
batava
obseuriosa
FruitElaeagnaceaeHippophae spp.nd[68]
Zeugodacus
cucurbitae
VegetableCucurbitaceaeBenincasa hispidand[97,103]
Citrullus lanatusnd
Cucumis sativus++++
Cucurbita moschatand
Cucurbita pepond
Luffa aegyptiaca++++
Momordica charantia++
Sechium edule++
Zeugodacus
scutellatus
VegetableCucurbitaceaeCucurbitaceae flowersnd[16,104]
Zeugodacus
tau
VegetableCucurbitaceaeBenincasa hispidand[97,105,106]
Citrullus lanatus++
Cucumis sativus+/++
Cucurbita moschata++/+++/++++
Cucurbita pepond
Luffa aegyptiaca+/++
Momordica charantia+
Sechium edule++
Notes: “+” represents the degree of damage (<10%: +, 10–30%: ++, 30–50%: +++, >50%: ++++); “nd” represents there is no record of the degree of harm although there is a host; “p” represents possible hosts.

Missing Citation

In the original publication, “Refs. [10–12,31–32,44,81]” was not cited. The citation has now been inserted in Table 1.
In the original publication, “Ref. [104]” was not cited. The citation has now been inserted in Table 2.

Text Correction

There was an error in the original publication: Bactrocera scutellata was referred to instead of Zeugodacus scutellatus. Bactrocera scutellata has been changed to Zeugodacus scutellatus due to a recent classification revision.
A correction has been made to the second paragraph in the Introduction section, Table 1 and Table 2.
“…which are the most studied in China, especially Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi), Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel), Bactrocera minax (Enderlein), Bactrocera tsuneonis (Miyake), Carpomya vesuviana (Costa), Rhagoletis batava obseuriosa (Kolomiets), Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett), Zeugodacus scutellatus (Hendel) and Zeugodacus tau (Walker).”
A correction has been made to Section 2.2 Distribution. We rephrased the first sentence to “The data presented in Figure 1 and Table 1 were obtained from literature reports with the field evidence. Fujian and Taiwan Provinces in East China, Guangdong Province and the Guangxi Zhuang Zizhiqu in South China, and Guizhou, Sichuan and Yunnan Provinces in Southwest China are the areas where the tephritid fruit flies overlap many times.…”

References

Due to the change in the distribution range of some species (showed in Table 1), the following references are no longer necessary for citation in the updated manuscript.
  • [3] White, I.M.; Elson-Harris, M.M. Fruit Flies of Economic Significance: Their Identification and Bionomics, 1st ed.; Oxford University Press: Oxford, UK, 1992; ISBN 978-0-85198-790-3.
  • [10] Database of Major Invasive Animal Species. Available online: http://museum.ioz.ac.cn/iad/View/Site/Species.aspx (accessed on 4 February 2023).
  • [21] Gong, Q.T.; Zhang, K.P.; Li, S.H.; Jia, H.Z.; Wu, H.B.; Sun, R.H. Occurrence, damage, prevention and control of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). Deciduous Fruits 2022, 54, 49–52. https://doi.org/10.13855/j.cnki.lygs.2022.01.015.
  • [37] Chen, P.; Ye, H. Fruit fly diversity analysis at five regions in the western Yunnan, China. Acta Ecol. Sin. 2009, 29, 2953–2961.
  • [49] Gong, X.Z.; Chen, W.H.; Bai, Z.L.; Gan, X.J.; Liao, Y.M. Effects of attractants on the trapping of Bactrocera (Tetradacus) tsuneonis (Miyake). Plant Quar. 2008, 22, 285–287. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1005-2755.2008.05.005.
  • [63] Zhang, X.Y.; Chen, G.Q.; Meng, Y.Q.; Huang, Z.D. Population dynamics and effect evaluation of sexual pheromones for monitoring tephritids flies in orange orchards with mixed planting of fruits and vegetables in Taizhou. J. Zhejiang Agric. Sci. 2011, 1368–1370. https://doi.org/10.16178/j.issn.0528-9017.2011.06.040.
  • [69] Ge, B.W.; Li, G.H.; Zhang, Y.A.; Fan, Y.F. Preliminary study of Rhagoletis batava obseuriosa. Liaoning For. Sci. Technol. 1988, 45–46+61. Available online: https://oversea.cnki.net/kns/manage/export?filename=lnlk198803015&dbname=CJFD8589 (accessed on 2 January 2023).
  • [70] Chen, X.D.; Dang, X.D.; Li, F. Characteristics and analysis of the zone system of hippophae insects in Shaanxi. Hippophae 2001, 14, 23–26.
  • [71] Liu, J.J. Major pests and weeds of hippophae in Heilongjiang Province and integrated control. Hippophae 2005, 18, 11–12.
  • [90] Yang, Y.L.; Wu, S.A.; Zheng, M.H. Initial reports of Zeugodacus tau in Shanxi Province. Plant Quar. 1994, 8, 330–331.
  • [93] Ismay, J.W. Fruit Flies of Economic Significance: Their Identification and Bionomics. By Ian M. White and Marlene, M. Elson- Harris. (Wallingford: CAB International, 1991). Bull. Entomol. Res. 1992, 82, 433.
  • [132] Zhang, Z.Y.; Zhao, B.; Zhang, L.; Liang, H.J. The host preference experiment of Bactrocera correcta. Chin. J. Appl. Entomol. 2011, 48, 359–363.
Below references were added in the updated manuscript.
  • [10] Liu, X.; Zhang, L.; Haack, R.A.; Liu, J.; Ye, H. A noteworthy step on a vast continent: new expansion records of the guava fruit fly, Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi, 1916)(Diptera: Tephritidae), in mainland China. BioInvasions Rec. 2019, 8, 530–539.
  • [11] Liu, X.; Jin, Y.; Ye, H. Recent spread and climatic ecological niche of the invasive guava fruit fly, Bactrocera correcta, in mainland China. J. Pest Sci. 2013, 86, 449–458.
  • [12] Yu, J.Y.; Ren, K.L.; Xue, W.P.; Li, T.Q.; Wang, X.J.; Geng, K. The species and population dynamics of Tephritid fruit flies in the macaque peach orchard of Xiuwen County. S. China Fruits 2022, 51, 117–121.
  • [31] Aketarawong, N.; Bonizzoni, M.; Thanaphum, S.; Gomulski, L.; Gasperi, G.; Malacrida, A.R.; Gugliemino, C. Inferences on the population structure and colonization process of the invasive oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). Mol. Ecol. 2007, 16, 3522–3532.
  • [32] Wan, X.; Nardi, F.; Zhang, B.; Liu, Y. The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, in China: origin and gradual inland range expansion associated with population growth. PLoS ONE 2011, 6, e25238.
  • [44] Cui, Z.; Zhou, Q.; Liu, Y.; Si, P.; Wang, Y. Molecular identification of citrus fruit flies and genetic diversity analysis of Bactrocera minax (Diptera: Tephritidae) populations in China based on mtDNA COI gene sequences. Acta Entomol. Sin. 2020, 63, 85–96.
  • [81] Wang, Y.T.; Bai, Q.; Chen, H.S.; Tian, Z.Y.; Gao, X.Y.; Zhou, Z.S. Distribution differences between Zeugodacus cucurbitae and Zeugodacus tau in China. J. Environ. Entomol. 2022, 44, 1170–1175.
  • [104] Al Baki, M.A.; Keum, E.; Kim, H.; Song, Y.; Kim, Y.; Kwon, G.; Park, Y. Age grading and gene flow of overwintered Bactrocera scutellata populations. J. Asia-Pac. Entomol. 2017, 20, 1402–1409.
Due to these corrections, the order of some references has been adjusted accordingly. The order of some other references needs to be adjusted, please see details as below:
Citation in the original publicationNew citation in updated publication
[93][3]
[46][47]
[45][48]
[48][53]
[64][57]
[65][58]
[55][63]
[60][64]
[68][68]
[80][70]
[84][71]
[79][72]
[76][73]
[75][74]
[78][75]
[53][82]
[89][84]
[85][89]
[99][94]
[51][102]
[153][149]
[155][151]
The authors state that the scientific conclusions are unaffected. This correction was approved by the Academic Editor. The original publication has also been updated.

Reference

  1. He, Y.; Xu, Y.; Chen, X. Biology, Ecology and Management of Tephritid Fruit Flies in China: A Review. Insects 2023, 14, 196. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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MDPI and ACS Style

He, Y.; Xu, Y.; Chen, X. Correction: He et al. Biology, Ecology and Management of Tephritid Fruit Flies in China: A Review. Insects 2023, 14, 196. Insects 2024, 15, 93. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15020093

AMA Style

He Y, Xu Y, Chen X. Correction: He et al. Biology, Ecology and Management of Tephritid Fruit Flies in China: A Review. Insects 2023, 14, 196. Insects. 2024; 15(2):93. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15020093

Chicago/Turabian Style

He, Yuxin, Yijuan Xu, and Xiao Chen. 2024. "Correction: He et al. Biology, Ecology and Management of Tephritid Fruit Flies in China: A Review. Insects 2023, 14, 196" Insects 15, no. 2: 93. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15020093

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