Winners and Losers: Cordulegaster Species under the Pressure of Climate Change
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Occurrence Data
2.2. Environmental Variables
2.3. Future Climate Variables
2.4. Algorithm Selection
2.5. Modeling
3. Results
3.1. Present Distribution
3.2. Ecological Niche Characteristics of the Species
3.3. Future Projections
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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C. bidentata | C. heros | ||
---|---|---|---|
Variable | Scores | Variable | Scores |
Annual Precipitation (bio_12) | 0.390 | Temperature Seasonality (bio_4) | 0.265 |
Slope | 0.295 | Altitude | 0.228 |
Altitude | 0.195 | Mean Temperature of Warmest Quarter (bio_10) | 0.206 |
Precipitation of Coldest Quarter (bio_19) | 0.161 | Precipitation of Driest Quarter; (bio_17) | 0.118 |
Mean Diurnal Range (bio_2) | 0.149 | Mean Temperature of Coldest Quarter (bio_11) | 0.113 |
Precipitation of Warmest Quarter (bio_18) | 0.133 | Slope | 0.062 |
C. bidentata | C. heros | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
RCP45 | RCP85 | RCP45 | RCP85 | |
Loss (Cell Number) | 2841 | 3613 | 706 | 392 |
Stable (Cell Number) | 5264 | 5252 | 9917 | 8066 |
Gain (Cell Number) | 816 | 1073 | 2375 | 4969 |
Percentage of Loss | 35.1 | 40.8 | 15.6 | 10.39 |
Percentage of Gain | 10.1 | 12.1 | 52.6 | 131.7 |
Species Range Change | −25 | −28.7 | 37 | 121.3 |
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Fekete, J.; De Knijf, G.; Dinis, M.; Padisák, J.; Boda, P.; Mizsei, E.; Várbíró, G. Winners and Losers: Cordulegaster Species under the Pressure of Climate Change. Insects 2023, 14, 348. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects14040348
Fekete J, De Knijf G, Dinis M, Padisák J, Boda P, Mizsei E, Várbíró G. Winners and Losers: Cordulegaster Species under the Pressure of Climate Change. Insects. 2023; 14(4):348. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects14040348
Chicago/Turabian StyleFekete, Judit, Geert De Knijf, Marco Dinis, Judit Padisák, Pál Boda, Edvárd Mizsei, and Gábor Várbíró. 2023. "Winners and Losers: Cordulegaster Species under the Pressure of Climate Change" Insects 14, no. 4: 348. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects14040348