Comparison of Biological Activity of Field Isolates of Steinernema feltiae with a Commercial S. feltiae Biopesticide Product
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Soil Samples’ Collection and Nematodes’ Isolation
2.2. Reproduction of the Collected EPN
2.3. Identification of Nematode Species
2.4. Gene Sequencing
2.5. Phylogenetic Analysis
2.6. Quantification of Biological Activity of EPN
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Characteristics of the Areas of S. feltiae Isolation
Locality | Latitude (N) | Longitude (E) | Soil Type | pH |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bałtów | 51°01′02.6″ | 21°32′10.7″ | loamy sand | 5.2 |
Busko-Zdrój | 50°28′06.5″ | 20°41′47.3″ | sandy loam | 5.2 |
Danków Duży | 50°52′26.5″ | 19°55′29.6″ | sandy loam | 5.2 |
Końskie | 51°11′38.9″ | 20°23′17.3″ | loamy sand | 5.4 |
Łoniów | 50°33′31.1″ | 21°31′37.2″ | sandy loam | 5.2 |
Miechów | 50°21′04.5″ | 20°03′07.4″ | loamy sand | 5.6 |
Morawica | 50°44′48.4″ | 20°36′52.5″ | loamy sand | 5.4 |
Oblasy | 50°50′20.1″ | 19°46′31.5″ | sandy loam | 5.4 |
Stalowa Wola | 50°36′15.2″ | 22°02′32.3″ | loamy sand | 5.2 |
Szczekociny | 50°37′14.5″ | 19°48′01.1″ | loamy sand | 5.6 |
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Character | Infective Juvenile | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control (S. feltiae from Biopreparation) | S. feltiae (iso1Lon) | S. feltiae (iso1Dan) | S. feltiae (iso1Obl) | S. feltiae [53] | F (df1, df2), p | |
n | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 20 | |
L | 861.2 ± 47 | 875 ± 54 | 816 ± 46 | 749 ± 54 | 879 ± 49 | F = 29.9666 (3, 96), p < 0.00001 |
(760–950) | (768–927) | (720–890) | (640–850) | (766–928) | ||
W | 27 ± 1.7 | 28 ± 1.9 | 28 ± 2 | 26 ± 1.4 | 29 ± 1.9 | F = 9.5558 (3, 96), p = 0.00001 |
(25–32) | (24–31) | (25–32) | (23–29) | (26–32) | ||
EP | 59 ± 1.9 | 61 ± 2.5 | 58 ± 1.5 | 56 ± 1.9 | 63 ± 2.3 | F = 26.0012 (3, 96), p < 0.00001 |
(57–63) | (57–65) | (56–61) | (53–59) | (58–67) | ||
NR | 111 ± 3.2 | 112 ± 2.8 | 111 ± 1.7 | 106 ± 2 | 113 ± 5.1 | F = 29.1955 (3, 96), p < 0.00001 |
(107–116) | (108–116) | (108–115) | (102–110) | (108–117) | ||
ES | 135 ± 3.6 | 135 ± 3.4 | 134 ± 3 | 128 ± 3.4 | 136 ± 3.5 | F = 24.7273 (3, 96), p < 0.00001 |
(130–142) | (128–141) | (127–141) | (120–136) | (130–143) | ||
T | 82 ± 1.7 | 83 ± 1.9 | 82 ± 2.4 | 79 ± 2 | 86 ± 2.6 | F = 14.944 (3, 96), p < 0.00001 |
(80–86) | (79–87) | (77–87) | (75–83) | (81–89) | ||
ABW | 16 ± 1.1 | 17 ± 0.7 | 16 ± 0.8 | 15 ± 0.8 | 18 ± 0.8 | F = 20.6043 (3, 96), p < 0.00001 |
(15–18) | (15–18) | (14–18) | (13–17) | (16–19) | ||
a | 31.3 | 31.2 | 28.9 | 29 | 30 | - |
b | 6.4 | 6.5 | 6.1 | 5.9 | 6.4 | - |
c | 10.4 | 10.5 | 9.9 | 9.4 | 10 | - |
D% | 43.8 | 45.1 | 43.4 | 43.7 | 46 | - |
E% | 71.8 | 73.4 | 71 | 70.4 | 74 | - |
Character | Male First Generation | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control (S. feltiae from Biopreparation) | S. feltiae (iso1Lon) | S. feltiae (iso1Dan) | S. feltiae (iso1Obl) | S. feltiae [53] | F (df1, df2), p | |
n | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 20 | |
L | 1559 ± 93 | 1582 ± 91 | 1513 ± 88 | 1546 ± 96 | 1612 ± 88 | F = 2.3369 (3, 96), p = 0.07851 |
(1360–1720) | (1410–1795) | (1370–1690) | (1330–1769) | (1414–1817) | ||
W | 134 ± 10.7 | 138 ± 9 | 124 ± 10 | 133 ± 10 | 140 ± 10 | F = 8.759 (3, 96), p = 0.00003 |
(118–157) | (118–160) | (105–140) | (108–158) | (121–162) | ||
EP | 113 ± 3.6 | 115 ± 3.2 | 110 ± 2.9 | 112 ± 2.4 | 115 ± 3.4 | F = 12.2043 (3, 96), p < 0.00001 |
(108–121) | (109–123) | (105–115) | (108–116) | (110–126) | ||
ES | 169 ± 4.5 | 169 ± 3.5 | 163 ± 4 | 166 ± 4.8 | 170 ± 3.4 | F = 12.0016 (3, 96), p < 0.00001 |
(161–176) | (163–177) | (155–170) | (159–175) | (164–180) | ||
T | 36 ± 1.6 | 37 ± 1.4 | 35 ± 1.3 | 36 ± 1.4 | 39 ± 1.2 | F = 6.3343 (3, 96), p = 0.00058 |
(34–41) | (35–41) | (33–39) | (34–40) | (37–43) | ||
ABW | 44 ± 2.4 | 47 ± 2.3 | 42 ± 2.4 | 43 ± 2.1 | 48 ± 1.7 | F = 20.1168 (3, 96), p < 0.00001 |
(42–51) | (42–52) | (36–48) | (37–49) | (43–53) | ||
SL | 65 ± 1.7 | 64 ± 1.7 | 63 ± 1.8 | 64 ± 1.6 | 66 ± 1.5 | F = 6.0791 (3, 96), p = 0.00078 |
(61–68) | (61–68) | (58–67) | (60–66) | (62–68) | ||
GL | 51 ± 2.2 | 51 ± 2.2 | 47 ± 2.3 | 49 ± 2.1 | 52 ± 1.9 | F = 13.4403 (3, 96), p < 0.00001 |
(47–57) | (46–55) | (42–52) | (44–54) | (48–56) | ||
a | 11.67 | 11.43 | 12.22 | 11.63 | 11.5 | - |
b | 9.3 | 9.3 | 9.3 | 9.3 | 9.5 | - |
c | 43.1 | 42.5 | 42.7 | 42.8 | 41.3 | - |
D% | 67 | 68 | 67.6 | 67.5 | 68 | - |
E% | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Parameter | Control S. feltiae (from Biopreparation) | S. feltiae (iso1Lon) | S. feltiae (iso1Dan) | S. feltiae (iso1Obl) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Insect mortality (%) | 100 a | 100 a | 100 a | 95 b |
Infectivity (%) | 98 a | 97 a | 100 a | 92 a |
Number of nematodes invading per insect (no. of ind.) | 10 a | 27 c | 12 b | 12 b |
Time to kill insects (days) | 2 a | 3 a | 2 a | 3 a |
Time from nematode infection to emergence of infective juveniles (days) | 10 a | 11 a | 10 a | 11 a |
Number of infective juveniles emerging per insect (no. of ind.) | 65,150 a | 82,320 b | 88,640 b | 86,910 b |
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Matuska-Łyżwa, J.; Żarnowiec, P.; Kaca, W. Comparison of Biological Activity of Field Isolates of Steinernema feltiae with a Commercial S. feltiae Biopesticide Product. Insects 2021, 12, 816. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12090816
Matuska-Łyżwa J, Żarnowiec P, Kaca W. Comparison of Biological Activity of Field Isolates of Steinernema feltiae with a Commercial S. feltiae Biopesticide Product. Insects. 2021; 12(9):816. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12090816
Chicago/Turabian StyleMatuska-Łyżwa, Joanna, Paulina Żarnowiec, and Wiesław Kaca. 2021. "Comparison of Biological Activity of Field Isolates of Steinernema feltiae with a Commercial S. feltiae Biopesticide Product" Insects 12, no. 9: 816. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12090816