Molecular Therapeutic Advances in Personalized Therapy of Melanoma and Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Molecular Therapeutics and Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Histologic Subtype | Molecular Sub Category (Frequency) |
---|---|
Adenocarcinoma (~50% of NSCLC) | |
EGFR tyrosine kinase domain mutations (10–35%) | |
KRAS mutations (15–25%) | |
ALK Gene Rearrangements (3–5%) | |
Her2 mutations | |
BRAF mutations (3%) | |
MET amplification (1%) | |
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (~30% of NSCLC) | |
FGFR1 Amplification (20%) | |
DDR2 mutation (4%) | |
PIK3CA mutations (1–3%) | |
EGFRvIII mutations (<5%) |
3. Melanoma
Gene | Frequency (%) | Gene | Frequency (%) |
---|---|---|---|
BRAF | 45 | GNAQ | 8 |
CDKN2A | 29 | CTNNB1 | 6 |
NRAS | 19 | NF2 | 5 |
TP53 | 17 | PDGFRA | 4 |
PTEN | 17 | PIK3CA | 2 |
STK11 | 10 | HRAS | 2 |
FGFR2 | 9 | KRAS | 2 |
KIT | 8 | GNA11 | 2 |
Melanoma | Implicated genes (approximate frequencies) |
---|---|
Arising from skin without chronic sun damage | Mutant BRAF (59%), mutant RAS (22%) KIT mutations or increased copy number (0%) |
Arising from skin with chronic sun damage | Mutant BRAF (11%), mutant RAS (15%), mutant or increased copy number KIT (28%) |
Arising from mucosal surfaces | Mutant BRAF (11%), mutant RAS (5%) mutant or increased copy number KIT (38%) |
Arising from acral surfaces | Mutant BRAF (23%), mutant RAS (10%) mutant or increased copy number KIT (36%) |
Uveal melanomas | Mutations in GNAQ or GNA11 (83%) |
4. Uveal Melanoma
5. Molecular Drug Resistance and the Emergence of Drug Resistant Tumor Clones
6. Acquired Resistance in NSCLC
7. Acquired Resistance in Melanoma
8. Conclusions
Conflict of Interest
References
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Kelleher, F.C.; Solomon, B.; McArthur, G.A. Molecular Therapeutic Advances in Personalized Therapy of Melanoma and Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J. Pers. Med. 2012, 2, 35-49. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm2020035
Kelleher FC, Solomon B, McArthur GA. Molecular Therapeutic Advances in Personalized Therapy of Melanoma and Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2012; 2(2):35-49. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm2020035
Chicago/Turabian StyleKelleher, Fergal C., Benjamin Solomon, and Grant A. McArthur. 2012. "Molecular Therapeutic Advances in Personalized Therapy of Melanoma and Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer" Journal of Personalized Medicine 2, no. 2: 35-49. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm2020035