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Article

Factors Correlated with Post-Surgery Residual Carcinoma in Cases of Breast Cancer Incidentally Found Via Vacuum-Assisted Excision: An Ultrasound Perspective

Department of Ultrasound, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107# Yanjiang Xi Rd, Guangzhou 510120, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Qiongchao Jiang and Simin Li contributed equally to this work and both should be considered as co-first authors.
Diagnostics 2025, 15(19), 2549; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15192549
Submission received: 31 August 2025 / Revised: 30 September 2025 / Accepted: 3 October 2025 / Published: 9 October 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis of Breast Cancer)

Abstract

Objectives: To identify factors correlated with post-surgery residue in cases of breast cancer incidentally found via vacuum-assisted excision (VAE). Methods: A total of 6083 patients were enrolled in a retrospective study. Ultrasound evaluation and ultrasound-guided VAE were performed on these patients. According to the pathology of VAE, 53 patients with incidentally found breast cancer were included in the final analysis. Either breast-conserving surgery or mastectomy was performed. The maximal diameter, depth, location, BIRADS category, and Adler’s grade of all lesions before VAE was reviewed and recorded. VAE and post-surgery pathologies were used as gold standards. Either Pearson’s chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical variables. Results: The mean age of the enrolled patients was 49 years (IQR: 43–55 years). The mean maximal diameter of the lesions was 11.3 mm (IQR: 7–15 mm). There were twenty-eight ductal carcinomas in situ, twelve invasive ductal carcinomas, five lobular carcinomas in situ, two invasive lobular carcinomas, four intraductal papillary carcinomas, and two mucinous carcinomas. Post-surgery pathology showed 15 cases with residual cancer and 38 cases with no residual cancer. The maximal diameter, depth, and pathology derived via VAE were statistically correlated with post-surgery residue (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Small incidentally found noninvasive carcinomas located comparatively deep in the breast could be totally excised by ultrasound-guided vacuum-assisted excision. Both large and superficially invasive carcinomas were more likely to be associated with residue.
Keywords: breast cancer; ultrasound; breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS); vacuum-assisted excision; breast-conserving surgery breast cancer; ultrasound; breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS); vacuum-assisted excision; breast-conserving surgery

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Jiang, Q.; Li, S.; Tang, G.; Guan, X.; Qin, W.; Wu, H.; Wang, H.; Xiao, X. Factors Correlated with Post-Surgery Residual Carcinoma in Cases of Breast Cancer Incidentally Found Via Vacuum-Assisted Excision: An Ultrasound Perspective. Diagnostics 2025, 15, 2549. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15192549

AMA Style

Jiang Q, Li S, Tang G, Guan X, Qin W, Wu H, Wang H, Xiao X. Factors Correlated with Post-Surgery Residual Carcinoma in Cases of Breast Cancer Incidentally Found Via Vacuum-Assisted Excision: An Ultrasound Perspective. Diagnostics. 2025; 15(19):2549. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15192549

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jiang, Qiongchao, Simin Li, Guoxue Tang, Xiaofeng Guan, Wei Qin, Huan Wu, Haohu Wang, and Xiaoyun Xiao. 2025. "Factors Correlated with Post-Surgery Residual Carcinoma in Cases of Breast Cancer Incidentally Found Via Vacuum-Assisted Excision: An Ultrasound Perspective" Diagnostics 15, no. 19: 2549. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15192549

APA Style

Jiang, Q., Li, S., Tang, G., Guan, X., Qin, W., Wu, H., Wang, H., & Xiao, X. (2025). Factors Correlated with Post-Surgery Residual Carcinoma in Cases of Breast Cancer Incidentally Found Via Vacuum-Assisted Excision: An Ultrasound Perspective. Diagnostics, 15(19), 2549. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15192549

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