The Extents of Coronary Heart Disease and the Severity of Newly Developed Dry Eye Disease: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data Source
2.2. Patient Inclusion
2.3. Primary Outcome
2.4. Related Covariates
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Character | Mild CHD Group (N = 29,852) | Severe CHD Group (N = 14,926) | ASD |
---|---|---|---|
Sex | <0.0001 | ||
Male | 22,132 (74.14%) | 11,066 (74.14%) | |
Female | 7720 (25.86%) | 3860 (25.86%) | |
Age | 0.0009 | ||
<40 | 472 (1.58%) | 223 (1.48%) | |
40–49 | 1987 (6.67%) | 1014 (6.79%) | |
50–59 | 6020 (20.16%) | 2967 (19.88%) | |
60–69 | 10,775 (36.09%) | 5465 (36.60%) | |
>=70 | 10,598 (35.50%) | 5257 (35.22%) | |
Occupation | 0.0016 | ||
Government employee | 1488 (4.98%) | 610 (4.09%) | |
Worker | 15,348 (51.41%) | 7899 (52.92%) | |
Farmer and fisherman | 5876 (19.68%) | 2377 (15.93%) | |
Low-income | 442 (1.48%) | 231 (1.55%) | |
Others | 6698 (22.44%) | 3809 (25.52%) | |
Co-morbidity | |||
Hypertension | 19,470 (65.23%) | 12,207 (81.79%) | 0.0852 |
DM | 9192 (30.78%) | 8711 (58.36%) | 0.1945 * |
Hyperlipidemia | 13,023 (43.63%) | 9048 (60.62%) | 0.0695 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 2917 (9.77%) | 2315 (15.51%) | 0.0303 |
Rheumatoid arthritis | 293 (0.97%) | 138 (0.91%) | 0.0004 |
Systemic lupus erythematosus | 37 (0.13%) | 78 (0.52%) | 0.0006 |
Sjogren syndrome | 357 (1.20%) | 127 (0.84%) | 0.0004 |
Cataract surgery | 16,722 (2.82%) | 9707 (3.27%) | 0.0009 |
Co-medication | |||
Antihistamine | 33,739 (10.67%) | 53,143 (15.32%) | 0.0211 |
Biguanides | 6066 (20.32%) | 4705 (31.52%) | 0.0588 |
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor | 3254 (10.90%) | 4218 (28.26%) | 0.3872 * |
Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors | 497 (1.66%) | 550 (3.68%) | 0.0785 |
Beta-blockers | 234,147 (39.48%) | 154,502 (52.10%) | 0.0771 |
Statin | 10,976 (36.77%) | 9604 (64.34%) | 0.0982 |
Diuretics | 15,079 (50.51%) | 10,677 (71.53%) | 0.0226 |
Benzodiazepine | 7577 (25.38%) | 4646 (31.13%) | 0.0168 |
Event | Mild CHD Group | Severe CHD Group | p Value |
---|---|---|---|
DED | |||
Person-months | 893,417 | 402,709 | |
Event | 3440 | 1276 | |
cHR (95% CI) | Reference | 0.819 (0.768–0.874) | |
aHR (95% CI) | Reference | 0.847 (0.784–1.016) | 0.8213 |
Severe DED | |||
Person-months | 979,415 | 433,199 | |
Event | 37 | 48 | |
Crude HR (95% CI) | Reference | 2.610 (0.946–7.198) | |
aHR (95% CI) | Reference | 5.454 (1.551–7.180) * | 0.0001 * |
Event | aHR | 95% CI | p for Interaction |
---|---|---|---|
DED | 0.5700 | ||
Male | 0.823 | 0.768–0.981 | |
Female | 0.871 | 0.790–1.161 | |
Severe DED | 0.0584 | ||
Male | 4.917 | 1.394–7.629 | |
Female | 6.202 | 2.177–8.227 |
Event | aHR | 95% CI | p for Interaction |
---|---|---|---|
DED | <0.0001 * | ||
<60 | 0.723 | 0.640–0.816 | |
60–69 | 0.830 | 0.759–0.997 | |
>=70 | 0.908 | 0.829–1.296 | |
Severe DED | 0.6112 | ||
<60 | 4.968 | 1.427–9.062 | |
60–69 | 5.463 | 1.826–7.347 | |
>=70 | 5.285 | 1.306–5.398 |
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Lee, C.-Y.; Yang, S.-F.; Huang, J.-Y.; Chang, C.-K. The Extents of Coronary Heart Disease and the Severity of Newly Developed Dry Eye Disease: A Nationwide Cohort Study. Diagnostics 2024, 14, 586. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14060586
Lee C-Y, Yang S-F, Huang J-Y, Chang C-K. The Extents of Coronary Heart Disease and the Severity of Newly Developed Dry Eye Disease: A Nationwide Cohort Study. Diagnostics. 2024; 14(6):586. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14060586
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Chia-Yi, Shun-Fa Yang, Jing-Yang Huang, and Chao-Kai Chang. 2024. "The Extents of Coronary Heart Disease and the Severity of Newly Developed Dry Eye Disease: A Nationwide Cohort Study" Diagnostics 14, no. 6: 586. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14060586