The Assessment of Retinal Image Quality Using a Non-Mydriatic Fundus Camera in a Teleophthalmologic Platform
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants and the Setting
2.2. Ophthalmic Examination, Image Acquisition, and Data Transmission
2.3. Clinical Diagnosis and Referral
2.4. Assessment of Diagnostic Agreement and Evaluation of Fundus Photographs
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Participant Demographics and Characteristics
3.2. Distribution of Ocular Diseases
3.3. Evaluation of Fundoscopy Image Quality
3.4. Diagnostic Concordance of the Referrals
3.5. Risk Factors Associated with Poor-Quality Fundoscopy Images
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Male | Female | Total | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Number | 210 | 419 | 629 | |
Age | 65.67 ± 16.01 | 63.77 ± 16.12 | 64.40 ± 16.10 | 0.163 |
Age Group (n, %) | 0.183 | |||
≦20 years | 6 (2.9%) | 10 (2.4%) | 16 (2.5%) | |
21–30 years | 4 (1.9%) | 9 (2.1%) | 13 (2.1%) | |
31–40 years | 1 (0.5%) | 21 (5.0%) | 22 (3.5%) | |
41–50 years | 15 (7.1%) | 34 (8.1%) | 49 (7.8%) | |
51–60 years | 28 (13.3%) | 63 (15.0%) | 91 (14.5%) | |
61–70 years | 62 (29.5%) | 114 (27.2%) | 176 (28.0%) | |
71–80 years | 62 (29.5%) | 117 (27.9%) | 179 (28.5%) | |
81–90 years | 30 (14.3%) | 50 (11.9%) | 80 (12.7%) | |
>90 years | 2 (1.0%) | 1 (0.2%) | 3 (0.5%) | |
Referral (n, %) | 49 (23.3%) | 77 (18.4%) | 126 (20.0%) | 0.143 |
Variables | Crude | Adjusted | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | p-Value | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | |
Age | 1.03 (1.02 to 1.04) | <0.001 * | 1.02 (1.01 to 1.03) | 0.004 * |
Gender (M vs. F) | 1.31 (1.02 to 1.68) | 0.038 * | 1.19 (0.90 to 1.57) | 0.222 |
Location | - | - | - | - |
Chishang | 1.17 (0.83 to 1.65) | 0.375 | 0.91 (0.62 to 1.33) | 0.614 |
Haiduan | 1.07 (0.76 to 1.50) | 0.707 | 1.47 (0.99 to 2.18) | 0.055 |
Luye | 0.73 (0.52 to 1.02) | 0.066 | 0.82 (0.56 to 1.19) | 0.294 |
Yanping | 0.87 (0.30 to 2.51) | 0.795 | 3.03 (0.99 to 9.18) | 0.051 |
Guanshan | Reference | Reference | ||
Pseudophakia | 4.19 (2.98 to 5.90) | <0.001 * | 4.06 (2.74 to 6.00) | <0.001 * |
Cataract | 2.19 (1.71 to 2.81) | <0.001 * | 2.29 (1.69 to 3.11) | <0.001 * |
Diabetes mellitus | 3.86 (2.95 to 5.07) | <0.001 * | 3.01 (2.25 to 4.01) | <0.001 * |
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Chan, T.-Y.; Wang, J.-H.; Chen, N.; Chiu, C.-J. The Assessment of Retinal Image Quality Using a Non-Mydriatic Fundus Camera in a Teleophthalmologic Platform. Diagnostics 2024, 14, 1543. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14141543
Chan T-Y, Wang J-H, Chen N, Chiu C-J. The Assessment of Retinal Image Quality Using a Non-Mydriatic Fundus Camera in a Teleophthalmologic Platform. Diagnostics. 2024; 14(14):1543. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14141543
Chicago/Turabian StyleChan, Tsung-Yueh, Jen-Hung Wang, Nancy Chen, and Cheng-Jen Chiu. 2024. "The Assessment of Retinal Image Quality Using a Non-Mydriatic Fundus Camera in a Teleophthalmologic Platform" Diagnostics 14, no. 14: 1543. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14141543
APA StyleChan, T.-Y., Wang, J.-H., Chen, N., & Chiu, C.-J. (2024). The Assessment of Retinal Image Quality Using a Non-Mydriatic Fundus Camera in a Teleophthalmologic Platform. Diagnostics, 14(14), 1543. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14141543