Placental and Umbilical Cord Anomalies Diagnosed by Two- and Three-Dimensional Ultrasound
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Placental Anomalies
3.1.1. Placenta Accreta Spectrum
3.1.2. Placenta Praevia
3.1.3. Bilobed Placenta and Succenturiate Lobe
3.1.4. Circumvallate Placenta
3.1.5. Placental Mesenchymal Dysplasia
3.1.6. Chorioangioma
3.1.7. Membranous Placental Cysts
3.2. Umbilical Cord Anomalies
3.2.1. Nuchal Cords
3.2.2. Vasa Praevia
3.2.3. Velamentous Umbilical Cord Insertion
3.2.4. Marginal Umbilical Cord Insertion
3.2.5. Furcate Umbilical Cord Insertion
3.2.6. Umbilical Cord Entanglement
3.2.7. Umbilical Cord Hemangioma
3.2.8. Umbilical Cord Hematoma
3.2.9. Umbilical Cord Cyst
3.2.10. Single Umbilical Artery
3.2.11. Umbilical Cord Varix
3.2.12. Umbilical Vessel Thrombosis
3.2.13. Umbilical Cord Vessel Aneurysm
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Santana, E.F.M.; Castello, R.G.; Rizzo, G.; Grisolia, G.; Araujo Júnior, E.; Werner, H.; Lituania, M.; Tonni, G. Placental and Umbilical Cord Anomalies Diagnosed by Two- and Three-Dimensional Ultrasound. Diagnostics 2022, 12, 2810. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12112810
Santana EFM, Castello RG, Rizzo G, Grisolia G, Araujo Júnior E, Werner H, Lituania M, Tonni G. Placental and Umbilical Cord Anomalies Diagnosed by Two- and Three-Dimensional Ultrasound. Diagnostics. 2022; 12(11):2810. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12112810
Chicago/Turabian StyleSantana, Eduardo Félix Martins, Renata Gomes Castello, Giuseppe Rizzo, Gianpaolo Grisolia, Edward Araujo Júnior, Heron Werner, Mario Lituania, and Gabriele Tonni. 2022. "Placental and Umbilical Cord Anomalies Diagnosed by Two- and Three-Dimensional Ultrasound" Diagnostics 12, no. 11: 2810. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12112810