A Systematic Review of the Inclusion of Non-Inflammatory Ultrasonographic Enthesopathy Findings in Enthesitis Scoring Indices
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 543 Taylor Ave, Columbus, OH 43203, USA
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Academic Editor: Kevin V. Hackshaw
Diagnostics 2021, 11(4), 669; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11040669
Received: 31 January 2021
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Revised: 21 March 2021
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Accepted: 25 March 2021
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Published: 8 April 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rheumatic Diseases: Diagnosis, Treatment and Management)
Ultrasound has advanced the diagnosis and management of patients with inflammatory rheumatic conditions. It can be used to identify and monitor enthesitis, a cardinal feature of spondyloarthropthies. Several enthesitis scoring systems utilizing ultrasound to determine entheseal involvement have been developed. These scoring systems generally rely on determining the presence or absence of erosions, tendon enlargement, power Doppler signal, or enthesophytes. This systematic review identified ultrasound scoring systems that have been utilized for evaluating enthesitis and what key components derive the score. Review of these scoring systems, however, demonstrated confounding as some of the score components including enthesophytes may be seen in non-inflammatory conditions and some components including erosions can be seen from chronic damage, but not necessarily indicate active inflammatory disease. What is furthermore limiting is that currently there is not an agreed upon term to describe non-inflammatory enthesopathies, further complicating these scoring systems. This review highlights the need for a more comprehensive ultrasound enthesopathy scoring index.
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Keywords:
enthesitis; enthesopathy; spondyloarthropathy; ultrasound
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MDPI and ACS Style
Mascarenhas, S.; Couette, N. A Systematic Review of the Inclusion of Non-Inflammatory Ultrasonographic Enthesopathy Findings in Enthesitis Scoring Indices. Diagnostics 2021, 11, 669. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11040669
AMA Style
Mascarenhas S, Couette N. A Systematic Review of the Inclusion of Non-Inflammatory Ultrasonographic Enthesopathy Findings in Enthesitis Scoring Indices. Diagnostics. 2021; 11(4):669. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11040669
Chicago/Turabian StyleMascarenhas, Sheryl, and Nina Couette. 2021. "A Systematic Review of the Inclusion of Non-Inflammatory Ultrasonographic Enthesopathy Findings in Enthesitis Scoring Indices" Diagnostics 11, no. 4: 669. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11040669
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