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Diagnostics
Volume 11
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10.3390/diagnostics11010064
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Review

MicroRNAs as Useful Tools to Estimate Time Since Death. A Systematic Review of Current Literature

by
Aniello Maiese
1,2,
Andrea Scatena
1,
Andrea Costantino
1,
Marco Di Paolo
1,
Raffaele La Russa
2,3,
Emanuela Turillazzi
1,
Paola Frati
2,3 and
Vittorio Fineschi
2,3,*
1
Department of Surgical Pathology, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa (PI), Italy
2
IRCSS Neuromed Mediterranean Neurological Institute, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy
3
Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00161 Rome (RM), Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Diagnostics 2021, 11(1), 64; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11010064
Submission received: 14 November 2020 / Revised: 28 December 2020 / Accepted: 29 December 2020 / Published: 3 January 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Progress in the Forensic Diagnosis)
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Abstract

Estimating the time of death remains the most challenging question in forensic medicine, because post-mortem interval (PMI) estimation can be a remarkably difficult goal to achieve. The aim of this review is to analyze the potential of microRNAs (miRNAs) to evaluate PMI. MiRNAs have been studied as hallmarks and biomarkers in several pathologies and have also showed interesting applications in forensic science, such as high sensible biomarkers in body fluid and tissue, for wound age determination and PMI evaluation due to their low molecular weight and tissue-specific expression. The present systematic review was carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review (PRISMA) standards. We performed an electronic search of PubMed, Science Direct Scopus, and Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE) from the inception of these databases to 12 August 2020. The search terms were (“PMI miRNA” or “PMI micro RNA”) and (“miRNA” and “time of death”) in the title, abstract and keywords. Through analysis of scientific literature regarding forensic uses of miRNAs, has emerged that the intrinsic characteristics of such molecules, and their subsequent resistance to degradation, make them suitable as endogenous markers in order to determine PMI. However, further and larger studies with human samples and standardized protocols are still needed.
Keywords: post-mortem interval; miRNA; forensic medicine post-mortem interval; miRNA; forensic medicine

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MDPI and ACS Style

Maiese, A.; Scatena, A.; Costantino, A.; Di Paolo, M.; La Russa, R.; Turillazzi, E.; Frati, P.; Fineschi, V. MicroRNAs as Useful Tools to Estimate Time Since Death. A Systematic Review of Current Literature. Diagnostics 2021, 11, 64. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11010064

AMA Style

Maiese A, Scatena A, Costantino A, Di Paolo M, La Russa R, Turillazzi E, Frati P, Fineschi V. MicroRNAs as Useful Tools to Estimate Time Since Death. A Systematic Review of Current Literature. Diagnostics. 2021; 11(1):64. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11010064

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maiese, Aniello, Andrea Scatena, Andrea Costantino, Marco Di Paolo, Raffaele La Russa, Emanuela Turillazzi, Paola Frati, and Vittorio Fineschi. 2021. "MicroRNAs as Useful Tools to Estimate Time Since Death. A Systematic Review of Current Literature" Diagnostics 11, no. 1: 64. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11010064

APA Style

Maiese, A., Scatena, A., Costantino, A., Di Paolo, M., La Russa, R., Turillazzi, E., Frati, P., & Fineschi, V. (2021). MicroRNAs as Useful Tools to Estimate Time Since Death. A Systematic Review of Current Literature. Diagnostics, 11(1), 64. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11010064

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