Association of SARC-F Questionnaire and Mortality in Prevalent Hemodialysis Patients
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Setting and Participants
2.2. SARC-F
2.3. Laboratory Tests
2.4. Assessment of Body Composition, Muscle Strength, and Physical Performance
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | All Patients (n = 271) | Men (n = 151) | Women (n = 120) | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | ||||
Age (years) | 64.4 ± 14.3 | 63.0 ± 13.8 | 66.1 ± 14.8 | 0.081 |
HD duration (years) | 4.0 (1.5–7.9) | 3.4 (1.4–6.0) | 4.7 (1.8–11.4) | 0.003 * |
Causes of ESRD, n (%) | ||||
DM | 127 (46.9) | 80 (53.0) | 47 (39.2) | 0.024 * |
Chronic GN | 79 (29.2) | 35 (23.2) | 44 (36.7) | 0.015 * |
Others | 65 (24.0) | 36 (23.8) | 29 (24.2) | 0.950 |
Comorbid conditions, n (%) | ||||
Cardiovascular disease | 100 (36.9) | 59 (39.1) | 41 (34.2) | 0.406 |
Chronic liver disease | 46 (17.0) | 25 (16.6) | 21 (17.5) | 0.837 |
Malignancy | 31 (11.4) | 16 (10.6) | 15 (12.5) | 0.625 |
Stroke | 20 (7.4) | 11 (7.3) | 9 (7.5) | 0.946 |
PAD | 21 (7.7) | 14 (9.3) | 7 (5.8) | 0.293 |
Dementia | 12 (4.4) | 5 (3.3) | 7 (5.8) | 0.316 |
Charlson comorbidity index | 4 (3–5) | 4 (4–5) | 4 (3–5) | 0.245 |
SARC-F score | 1 (0–4) | 1 (0–2) | 2 (0–4) | 0.016 * |
Examination | ||||
BMI (Kg/m2) | 24.7 ± 4.8 | 25.1 ± 4.3 | 24.1 ± 5.4 | 0.126 |
Kt/V (Gotch) | 1.31 (1.18–1.46) | 1.21 (1.13–1.34) | 1.41 (1.31–1.59) | <0.001 * |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 10.3 (9.6–10.9) | 10.3 (9.5–11.1) | 10.3 (9.6–10.8) | 0.148 |
Albumin (g/dL) | 4.3 (3.9–4.6) | 4.3 (4.0–4.6) | 4.3 (3.9–4.5) | 0.180 |
BUN (mg/dL) | 62 (51–74) | 64 (52–74) | 61 (51–72) | 0.291 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 9.2 ± 2.3 | 9.9 ± 2.4 | 8.2 ± 1.6 | <0.001 * |
Phosphorus (mg/dL) | 4.8 (3.8–5.7) | 4.9 (3.6–5.7) | 4.8 (3.9–5.7) | 0.608 |
C-reactive protein (mg/dL) | 0.36 (0.09–0.87) | 0.39 (0.10–0.89) | 0.29 (0.08–0.86) | 0.371 |
nPNA (g/kg/day) | 0.97 (0.82–1.11) | 0.95 (0.80–1.09) | 0.99 (0.85–1.16) | 0.249 |
Variables | SARC-F | |
---|---|---|
r | p | |
Basic characteristics a | ||
Age (years) | 0.405 | <0.001 * |
HD duration (years) | 0.006 | 0.919 |
Charlson comorbidity index a | 0.273 | <0.001 * |
Body composition b | ||
MAMC (cm) | −0.253 | 0.011 * |
Skeletal muscle index (Kg/m2) | −0.128 | 0.203 |
Fat tissue index (Kg/m2) | 0.133 | 0.187 |
Calf circumference (cm) | −0.235 | 0.019 * |
Muscle strength b | ||
Handgrip strength (Kg) | ||
Right | −0.284 | 0.004 * |
Left | −0.302 | 0.002 * |
Hip flexion strength (Kg-force) | ||
Right | −0.236 | 0.018 * |
Left | −0.301 | 0.002 * |
Knee extension strength (Kg-force) | ||
Right | −0.341 | 0.001 * |
Left | −0.303 | 0.002 * |
Physical performance | ||
6 m gait speed (m/s) b | −0.339 | 0.001 * |
Repeated sit-to-stand test (s) c | 0.199 | 0.058 |
AUC (95% CI) | Cut-Off | Sen (%) | Spe (%) | PPV (%) | NPV (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low skeletal muscle index a | 0.658 (0.556–0.750) | ≥1 | 66.7 | 65.9 | 16.2 | 95.2 |
Handgrip strength weakness b | 0.651 (0.549–0.744) | ≥2 | 36.6 | 91.5 | 75.0 | 67.5 |
Slow gait speed c | 0.685 (0.584–0.774) | ≥1 | 56.1 | 76.3 | 62.2 | 71.4 |
Poor sit-to-stand test ≥12 s d | 0.656 (0.554–0.748) | ≥1 | 49.1 | 77.8 | 73.0 | 55.6 |
Possible sarcopenia e | 0.671 (0.570–0.762) | ≥1 | 47.7 | 82.9 | 83.8 | 46.0 |
Sarcopenia f | 0.694 (0.593–0.782) | ≥1 | 71.4 | 65.6 | 13.5 | 96.8 |
Characteristics | Survival (n = 231) | Non-Survival (n = 40) | p |
---|---|---|---|
Demographics | |||
Age (years) | 63.1 ± 14.1 | 71.7 ± 13.5 | <0.001 * |
Male (%) | 129 (55.8) | 22 (55.0) | 0.921 |
HD duration (years) | 4.1 (1.5–8.2) | 4.0 (1.8–7.2) | 0.715 |
Causes of ESRD, n (%) | |||
DM | 105 (45.5) | 22 (55.0) | 0.264 |
Chronic GN | 69 (29.9) | 10 (25.0) | 0.531 |
Others | 57 (24.7) | 8 (20.0) | 0.523 |
Comorbid conditions, n (%) | |||
Cardiovascular disease | 78 (33.8) | 22 (55.0) | 0.010 * |
Chronic liver disease | 39 (16.9) | 7 (17.5) | 0.924 |
Malignancy | 23 (10.0) | 8 (20.0) | 0.065 |
Stroke | 18 (7.8) | 2 (5.0) | 0.533 |
PAD | 15 (6.5) | 6 (15.0) | 0.063 |
Dementia | 8 (3.5) | 4 (10.0) | 0.064 |
Charlson comorbidity index | 4 (3–5) | 5 (4–7) | <0.001 * |
SARC-F | |||
Total score | 1 (0–3) | 4 (1–7) | <0.001 * |
SARC-F ≥ 1, n (%) | 122 (52.8) | 34 (85.0) | <0.001 * |
Examination | |||
BMI (Kg/m2) | 25.0 ± 4.8 | 22.6 ± 4.4 | 0.004 * |
Kt/V (Gotch) | 1.30 (1.18–1.40) | 1.42 (1.23–1.61) | 0.013 * |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 10.3 (9.7–10.9) | 9.8 (9.0–10.6) | 0.076 |
Albumin (g/dL) | 4.3 (4.0–4.6) | 3.9 (3.7–4.2) | <0.001 * |
BUN (mg/dL) | 62 (52–74) | 62 (47–72) | 0.403 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 9.4 ± 2.2 | 7.7 ± 1.9 | <0.001 * |
Phosphorus (mg/dL) | 4.9 (3.9–5.8) | 4.4 (3.2–5.0) | 0.022 * |
C-reactive protein (mg/dL) | 0.32 (0.08–0.83) | 0.68 (0.29–1.22) | 0.003 * |
nPNA (g/kg/day) | 0.99 (0.83–1.13) | 0.90 (0.72–1.05) | 0.039 * |
Model | SARC-F (per 1 Unit of Increase) | SARC-F ≥ 1 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
HR (95% CI) | p | HR (95% CI) | p | |
Crude model | 1.26 (1.15–1.39) | <0.001 * | 4.58 (1.92–10.91) | 0.001 * |
Model 1 | 1.22 (1.10–1.36) | <0.001 * | 3.55 (1.44–8.74) | 0.006 * |
Model 2 | 1.15 (1.02–1.29) | 0.020 * | 3.00 (1.21–7.43) | 0.018 * |
Model 3 | 1.12 (0.98–1.29) | 0.110 | 2.87 (1.11–7.38) | 0.029 * |
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Lin, Y.-L.; Hou, J.-S.; Lai, Y.-H.; Wang, C.-H.; Kuo, C.-H.; Liou, H.-H.; Hsu, B.-G. Association of SARC-F Questionnaire and Mortality in Prevalent Hemodialysis Patients. Diagnostics 2020, 10, 890. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10110890
Lin Y-L, Hou J-S, Lai Y-H, Wang C-H, Kuo C-H, Liou H-H, Hsu B-G. Association of SARC-F Questionnaire and Mortality in Prevalent Hemodialysis Patients. Diagnostics. 2020; 10(11):890. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10110890
Chicago/Turabian StyleLin, Yu-Li, Jia-Sian Hou, Yu-Hsien Lai, Chih-Hsien Wang, Chiu-Huang Kuo, Hung-Hsiang Liou, and Bang-Gee Hsu. 2020. "Association of SARC-F Questionnaire and Mortality in Prevalent Hemodialysis Patients" Diagnostics 10, no. 11: 890. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10110890