Effectiveness of One-Year Pemafibrate Therapy on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Refractory to Long-Term Sodium Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitor Therapy: A Pilot Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Markers of Hepatic Inflammation, Function, and Fibrosis
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Baseline Characteristics
3.2. Changes in Parameters during One Year of Pemafibrate Therapy
3.3. Liver Enzyme Profiles One Year before and One Year after Starting Pemafibrate Therapy
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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n = 7 | |
---|---|
Age, years, median (range) | 49 (42–68) |
Gender, male, n | 7 (100%) |
Current smoker, n | 1 (14%) |
Complications treated with medications, n | |
Hypertension | 4 (57%) |
Gastroesophageal reflux disease | 5 (71%) |
Diabetes mellitus | 7 (100%) |
Concurrent medications, n | |
SGLT2 inhibitor | 7 (100%) |
Metformin | 3 (43%) |
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor | 3 (43%) |
Statins | 2 (29%) |
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist | 1 (14%) |
Angiotensin II receptor blocker | 0 (0%) |
Interval from starting SGLT2 inhibitor to starting pemafibrate, day, median (range) | 845 (406–1288) |
Baseline | One Year Later | p-Value | Reference Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Weight, kg, median (range) | 73.3 (66.2–112.1) | 74.6 (64.6–114.8) | 0.937 | - |
Body mass index | 28.3 (22.2–37.4) | 27.8 (21.7–38.3) | 1.000 | - |
AST, U/L | 65 (31–130) | 29 (25–44) | 0.015 | 10–40 |
ALT, U/L | 86 (33–175) | 33 (19–47) | 0.015 | 5–45 |
γ-GTP, U/L | 80 (41–173) | 43 (27–73) | 0.015 | M ≦ 80 F ≦30 |
Platelet count, ×104/μL | 22.9 (11.1–31.9) | 22.5 (13.2–26.5) | 0.937 | 14.0–34.0 |
Estimated GFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 73.9 (63.8–89.7) | 64.1 (54.3–92.9) | 0.296 | - |
LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 122 (103–190) | 114 (64–169) | 0.132 | 65–139 |
HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 45 (30–62) | 51 (34–65) | 0.156 | M 40–85 F 40–95 |
Triglyceride, mg/dL | 132 (100–833) | 77 (64–257) | 0.031 | 30–149 |
Uric acid, mg/dL | 5.9 (3.8–7) | 5.9 (4.2–6.8) | 0.687 | M 3.8–7.0 F 2.5–7.0 |
Fasting plasma glucose, mg/dL | 130 (100–198) | 112 (94–215) | 0.578 | <110 |
Serum insulin, µU/mL | 9.8 (1.2–14) | 5.5 (2.6–47.6) | 1.000 | 1.7–10.4 |
Hemoglobin A1c, % | 6.8 (6.2–7.6) | 6.5 (6.2–7.8) | 0.765 | 4.6–6.2 |
Total bilirubin, mg/dL | 1.0 (0.4–1.5) | 1.0 (0.3–1.3) | 0.218 | 0.2–1.2 |
Serum albumin, g/dL | 4.4 (4.2–4.6) | 4.5 (4.2–4.9) | 0.250 | 3.8–5.2 |
ALBI score | −2.9 (−3.1–2.7) | −3.1 (−3.4–2.8) | 0.031 | ≦−2.6 |
M2BPGi | 0.73 (0.4–2.32) | 0.62 (0.34–1.66) | 0.046 | <1.00 |
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Shinozaki, S.; Tahara, T.; Miura, K.; Lefor, A.K.; Yamamoto, H. Effectiveness of One-Year Pemafibrate Therapy on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Refractory to Long-Term Sodium Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitor Therapy: A Pilot Study. Life 2023, 13, 1327. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13061327
Shinozaki S, Tahara T, Miura K, Lefor AK, Yamamoto H. Effectiveness of One-Year Pemafibrate Therapy on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Refractory to Long-Term Sodium Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitor Therapy: A Pilot Study. Life. 2023; 13(6):1327. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13061327
Chicago/Turabian StyleShinozaki, Satoshi, Toshiyuki Tahara, Kouichi Miura, Alan Kawarai Lefor, and Hironori Yamamoto. 2023. "Effectiveness of One-Year Pemafibrate Therapy on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Refractory to Long-Term Sodium Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitor Therapy: A Pilot Study" Life 13, no. 6: 1327. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13061327