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Article

Consensus Enolase of Trypanosoma Cruzi: Evaluation of Their Immunogenic Properties Using a Bioinformatics Approach

by
Alejandro Diaz-Hernandez
1,
Maria Cristina Gonzalez-Vazquez
2,
Minerva Arce-Fonseca
3,
Olivia Rodríguez-Morales
3,
Maria Lilia Cedillo-Ramirez
1 and
Alejandro Carabarin-Lima
1,*
1
Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 Sury Avenida San Claudio, Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla 72570, Mexico
2
Herbario y Jardín Botánico Universitario, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla 72570, Mexico
3
Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Life 2022, 12(5), 746; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12050746
Submission received: 14 April 2022 / Revised: 10 May 2022 / Accepted: 13 May 2022 / Published: 18 May 2022
(This article belongs to the Section Medical Research)
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Abstract

There is currently no vaccine against American trypanosomiasis, caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. This is due to the genomic variation observed in the six DTUs of T. cruzi. This work aims to propose a consensus sequence of the enolase protein from different strains of T. cruzi and mainly evaluate its immunogenic properties at the bioinformatic level. From specialized databases, 15 sequences of the enolase gene were aligned to obtain a consensus sequence, where this sequence was modeled and then evaluated and validated through different bioinformatic programs to learn their immunogenic potential. Finally, chimeric peptides were designed with the most representative epitopes. The results showed high immunogenic potential with six epitopes for MHC-I, and seven epitopes for MHC-II, all of which were highly representative of the enolase present in strains from the American continent as well as five epitopes for B cells. Regarding the computational modeling, molecular docking with Toll-like receptors showed a high affinity and low constant of dissociation, which could lead to an innate-type immune response that helps to eliminate the parasite. In conclusion, the consensus sequence proposed for enolase is capable of providing an ideal immune response; however, the experimental evaluation of this enolase consensus and their chimeric peptides should be a high priority to develop a vaccine against Chagas disease.
Keywords: Trypanosoma cruzi; enolase; bioinformatic; chimeric peptides; molecular docking Trypanosoma cruzi; enolase; bioinformatic; chimeric peptides; molecular docking

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MDPI and ACS Style

Diaz-Hernandez, A.; Gonzalez-Vazquez, M.C.; Arce-Fonseca, M.; Rodríguez-Morales, O.; Cedillo-Ramirez, M.L.; Carabarin-Lima, A. Consensus Enolase of Trypanosoma Cruzi: Evaluation of Their Immunogenic Properties Using a Bioinformatics Approach. Life 2022, 12, 746. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12050746

AMA Style

Diaz-Hernandez A, Gonzalez-Vazquez MC, Arce-Fonseca M, Rodríguez-Morales O, Cedillo-Ramirez ML, Carabarin-Lima A. Consensus Enolase of Trypanosoma Cruzi: Evaluation of Their Immunogenic Properties Using a Bioinformatics Approach. Life. 2022; 12(5):746. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12050746

Chicago/Turabian Style

Diaz-Hernandez, Alejandro, Maria Cristina Gonzalez-Vazquez, Minerva Arce-Fonseca, Olivia Rodríguez-Morales, Maria Lilia Cedillo-Ramirez, and Alejandro Carabarin-Lima. 2022. "Consensus Enolase of Trypanosoma Cruzi: Evaluation of Their Immunogenic Properties Using a Bioinformatics Approach" Life 12, no. 5: 746. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12050746

APA Style

Diaz-Hernandez, A., Gonzalez-Vazquez, M. C., Arce-Fonseca, M., Rodríguez-Morales, O., Cedillo-Ramirez, M. L., & Carabarin-Lima, A. (2022). Consensus Enolase of Trypanosoma Cruzi: Evaluation of Their Immunogenic Properties Using a Bioinformatics Approach. Life, 12(5), 746. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12050746

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