As We Drink and Breathe: Adverse Health Effects of Microcystins and Other Harmful Algal Bloom Toxins in the Liver, Gut, Lungs and Beyond
Abstract
:1. Harmful Algal Blooms and Cyanotoxins
2. Adverse Health Effects of HAB Toxins across Major Organ Systems
3. Microcystins and Liver Health
4. Microcystins and Gut Health
5. Microcystins and Pulmonary Health
6. New Insights into Microcystin Detection
7. Corrective Measures
8. Summary
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Lad, A.; Breidenbach, J.D.; Su, R.C.; Murray, J.; Kuang, R.; Mascarenhas, A.; Najjar, J.; Patel, S.; Hegde, P.; Youssef, M.; et al. As We Drink and Breathe: Adverse Health Effects of Microcystins and Other Harmful Algal Bloom Toxins in the Liver, Gut, Lungs and Beyond. Life 2022, 12, 418. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12030418
Lad A, Breidenbach JD, Su RC, Murray J, Kuang R, Mascarenhas A, Najjar J, Patel S, Hegde P, Youssef M, et al. As We Drink and Breathe: Adverse Health Effects of Microcystins and Other Harmful Algal Bloom Toxins in the Liver, Gut, Lungs and Beyond. Life. 2022; 12(3):418. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12030418
Chicago/Turabian StyleLad, Apurva, Joshua D. Breidenbach, Robin C. Su, Jordan Murray, Rebecca Kuang, Alison Mascarenhas, John Najjar, Shivani Patel, Prajwal Hegde, Mirella Youssef, and et al. 2022. "As We Drink and Breathe: Adverse Health Effects of Microcystins and Other Harmful Algal Bloom Toxins in the Liver, Gut, Lungs and Beyond" Life 12, no. 3: 418. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12030418