Differences in Hemodynamic, Hormonal and Heart Rate Variability Parameters in Complication-Free Pregnancies Compared to Individuals with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Preeclampsia: An Observational Retrospective Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Setting and Study Population
2.2. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Healthy | Preeclampsia | GDM | F-Statistics | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | 29 | 16 | 15 | ||
SBP (mmHg) | group | F(2,57) = 1.91; p = 0.158 | |||
Visit 1 (16 weeks) | 106.8 ± 10.1 | 114.1 ± 12.4 | 107.5 ± 15.0 | visit | F(1,57) = 0.05; p = 0.819 |
Visit 2 (48 weeks) | 106.3 ± 9.3 | 112.7 ± 14.1 | 108.4 ± 16.4 | visit x group | F(2,57) = 0.19; p = 0.827 |
MAP (mmHg) | group | F(2,57) = 2.75; p = 0.073 | |||
Visit 1 (16 weeks) | 84.4 ± 9.2 | 92.4 ± 10.9 | 86.1 ± 12.3 | visit | F(1,57) = 0.66; p = 0.421 |
Visit 2 (48 weeks) | 84.2 ± 8.6 | 90.0 ± 10.2 | 85.7 ± 14.2 | visit x group | F(2,57) = 0.30; p = 0.739 |
DBP (mmHg) | group | F(2,57) = 2.21; p = 0.120 | |||
Visit 1 (16 weeks) | 68.4 ± 9.1 | 75.6 ± 10.4 | 70.0 ± 10.8 | visit | F(1,57) = 1.90; p = 0.174 |
Visit 2 (48 weeks) | 68.5 ± 8.3 | 72.3 ± 8.5 | 68.2 ± 12.6 | visit x group | F(2,57) = 0.74; p = 0.481 |
Heart rate (bpm) Visit | group | F(2,57) = 0.07; p = 0.935 | |||
Visit 1 (16 weeks) | 72.4 ± 8.0 | 72.8 ± 7.3 | 71.9 ± 9.6 | visit | F(1,57) = 5.08; p = 0.028 |
Visit 2 (48 weeks) | 74.7 ± 10.0 | 73.8 ± 8.5 | 76.7 ± 13.0 | visit x group | F(2,57) = 0.75; p = 0.476 |
SDNN (ms) Visit, GRP | group | F(2,57) = 3.55; p = 0.035 | |||
Visit 1 (16 weeks) | 49.1 ± 13.3 | 43.5 ± 13.2 3 | 55.0 ± 18.7 2 | visit | F(1,57) = 5.28; p = 0.025 |
Visit 2 (48 weeks) | 42.4 ± 14.2 | 36.3 ± 12.9 | 51.9 ± 29.0 | visit x group | F(2,57) = 0.24; p = 0.788 |
RMSSD (ms) GRP | group | F(2,57) = 3.43; p = 0.042 | |||
Visit 1 (16 weeks) | 38.9 ± 16.2 | 33.3 ± 14.3 | 49.6 ± 27.9 | visit | F(1,57) = 1.80; p = 0.184 |
Visit 2 (48 weeks) | 31.4 ± 12.7 | 31.2 ± 18.5 | 47.4 ± 40.9 | visit x group | F(2,57) = 0.45; p = 0.639 |
Cortisol (pg/mg hair) GRP | group | F(2,57) = 7.31; p = 0.022 | |||
Visit 1 (16 weeks) | 13.71 ± 6.25 3 | 14.37 ± 7.54 | 18.81 ± 9.61 1 | visit | F(1,57) = 1.37; p = 0.247 |
Visit 2 (48 weeks) | 12.29 ± 5.11 | 14.02 ± 8.39 | 17.83 ± 10.01 | visit x group | F(2,57) = 0.24; p = 0.789 |
Testosterone (pg/mg hair) GRP | group | F(2,57) = 4.11; p = 0.002 | |||
Visit 1 (16 weeks) | 0.82 ± 0.37 3 | 0.86 ± 0.31 3 | 1.27 ± 0.75 1,2 | visit | F(1,57) = 0.01; p = 0.916 |
Visit 2 (48 weeks) | 0.88 ± 0.71 | 0.86 ± 0.37 | 1.27 ± 0.64 | visit x group | F(2,57) = 0.03; p = 0.976 |
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Eckstein, M.L.; Moser, O.; Rössler, A.; Moertl, M.G.; Jantscher, A.; Papousek, I.; Wagner, J.; Schmid-Zalaudek, K.; Sourij, H.; Treiber, G.; et al. Differences in Hemodynamic, Hormonal and Heart Rate Variability Parameters in Complication-Free Pregnancies Compared to Individuals with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Preeclampsia: An Observational Retrospective Analysis. Life 2021, 11, 626. https://doi.org/10.3390/life11070626
Eckstein ML, Moser O, Rössler A, Moertl MG, Jantscher A, Papousek I, Wagner J, Schmid-Zalaudek K, Sourij H, Treiber G, et al. Differences in Hemodynamic, Hormonal and Heart Rate Variability Parameters in Complication-Free Pregnancies Compared to Individuals with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Preeclampsia: An Observational Retrospective Analysis. Life. 2021; 11(7):626. https://doi.org/10.3390/life11070626
Chicago/Turabian StyleEckstein, Max L., Othmar Moser, Andreas Rössler, Manfred G. Moertl, Andreas Jantscher, Ilona Papousek, Johann Wagner, Karin Schmid-Zalaudek, Harald Sourij, Gerlies Treiber, and et al. 2021. "Differences in Hemodynamic, Hormonal and Heart Rate Variability Parameters in Complication-Free Pregnancies Compared to Individuals with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Preeclampsia: An Observational Retrospective Analysis" Life 11, no. 7: 626. https://doi.org/10.3390/life11070626