Exercise Preconditioning Attenuates the Response to Experimental Colitis and Modifies Composition of Gut Microbiota in Wild-Type Mice
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals
2.2. Experimental Design
2.3. Glucose Tolerance Test
2.4. DSS-Induced Colitis Model
2.5. Blood and Tissue Sampling
2.6. Biochemical Analyses
2.7. Histopathology and Colitis Scoring
2.8. Real-Time PCR
2.9. Western Blot
2.10. Flow Cytometry Analysis
2.11. 16 S rRNA Gene and Metagenome Sequencing
2.12. Metagenome Sequences Analysis
2.13. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Exercise Preconditioning Alleviates Metabolic Complications Associated with HF+DSS-induced Colitis
3.2. Exercise Preconditioning Alleviates the Colitis Symptoms and Histological Changes Associated with HF+DSS-induced Colitis
3.3. Exercise Preconditioning Prevents Altered Expression of Gut Barrier Proteins Associated with HF+DSS-induced Colitis
3.4. Exercise Training Alleviates Immune and Inflammatory Responses Associated with HF+DSS-induced Colitis
3.5. Exercise Preconditioning Modifies Composition of Gut Microbiota
3.6. Exercise Preconditioning-induced Modifications in Gut Microbiota and Their Potential Associations with HF+DSS-induced Colitis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
HF | High fat |
SC | Standard chow |
DSS | Dextran sodium sulfate |
EX | Exercise training |
IBD | Inflammatory bowel disease |
HSP | Heat shock protein |
GTT | Glucose tolerance test |
ALT | Alanine aminotransferase |
AST | Aspartate aminotransferase |
IL-6 | Interleukin-6 |
MCP | Monocyte chemoattractant protein |
GRO | Growth-regulated protein |
ZO | Zonular occudens |
TLR | Toll-like receptor |
qPCR | Quantitative polymerase chain reaction |
PCoA | Principal coordinates analysis |
OUT | Operational taxonomic unit |
FDR | False discovery rate |
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Total Reads per Group | Coverage (%) | Observed OTUs | Chao1 | Shannon | Simpson | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SC | 389582.000 ± 7299.597 | 0.990 ± 0.000 | 190.667 ± 9.838 | 229.720 ± 25.765 | 3.903 ± 0.247 | 0.847 ± 0.019 |
HF | 363285.333 ± 4693.449 | 0.990 ± 0.000 | 233.333 ± 11.348 | 263.300 ± 12.401 | 4.870 ± 0.125 | 0.913 ± 0.009 |
HF+DSS | 374658.000 ± 19939.972 | 0.990 ± 0.000 | 147.000 ± 11.358 | 160.053 ± 14.209 | 2.823 ± 0.194 | 0.683 ± 0.026 |
HF+EX+DSS | 343162.000 ± 12509.490 | 0.990 ± 0.000 | 149.000 ± 9.866 | 166.183 ± 11.907 | 3.740 ± 0.437 | 0.830 ± 0.070 |
Phylum | Family | Abundance (%) | Abundance Relative to SC (%) | p Value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SC | HF | HF+DSS | HF+EX+DSS | HF | HF+DSS | HF+EX+DSS | |||
Actinobacteria | Bifidobacteriaceae | 1.81 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | −1.81 * | −1.81 * | −1.81 * | 0.027 |
Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidaceae | 14.00 | 18.06 | 58.53 | 30.60 | +4.06 | +44.53 * | +16.60 | 0.026 |
Firmicutes | Streptococcaceae | 0.01 | 1.04 | 0.26 | 0.30 | +1.03 * | +0.25 | +0.29 | 0.013 |
Firmicutes | Christensenellaceae | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.02 | 0.03 | +0.06 * | +0.01 | +0.02 | 0.006 |
Firmicutes | Clostridiaceae | 1.99 | 0.65 | 0.00 | 0.02 | −1.34 * | −1.99 * | −1.97 * | 0.005 |
Firmicutes | Lachnospiraceae | 0.69 | 18.67 | 3.85 | 8.84 | +17.97 * | +3.15 | +8.14 * | <0.001 |
Firmicutes | Oscillospiraceae | 0.05 | 3.76 | 0.18 | 0.28 | +3.71 * | +0.12 | +0.22 | 0.001 |
Firmicutes | Peptococcaceae | 0.38 | 6.44 | 0.78 | 1.02 | +6.06 * | +0.40 | +0.64 | 0.005 |
Firmicutes | Peptostreptococcaceae | 0.01 | 0.11 | 0.86 | 0.18 | +0.09 | +0.85 * | +0.17 | 0.005 |
Firmicutes | Ruminococcaceae | 1.44 | 5.53 | 0.56 | 1.75 | +4.09 * | −0.88 | +0.30 | <0.001 |
Proteobacteria | Rhodospirillaceae | 0.00 | 0.05 | 0.00 | 2.86 | +0.05 | 0.00 | +2.86 * | 0.021 |
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Cho, J.; Kim, D.; Kang, H. Exercise Preconditioning Attenuates the Response to Experimental Colitis and Modifies Composition of Gut Microbiota in Wild-Type Mice. Life 2020, 10, 200. https://doi.org/10.3390/life10090200
Cho J, Kim D, Kang H. Exercise Preconditioning Attenuates the Response to Experimental Colitis and Modifies Composition of Gut Microbiota in Wild-Type Mice. Life. 2020; 10(9):200. https://doi.org/10.3390/life10090200
Chicago/Turabian StyleCho, Jinkyung, Donghyun Kim, and Hyunsik Kang. 2020. "Exercise Preconditioning Attenuates the Response to Experimental Colitis and Modifies Composition of Gut Microbiota in Wild-Type Mice" Life 10, no. 9: 200. https://doi.org/10.3390/life10090200