Frailty and Sleep Disorder in Chronic Liver Diseases
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Patients and Methods
2.1. Patients
2.2. PSQI-J Score
2.3. Our Study
2.4. Statistics
3. Results
3.1. Patient Baseline Data
3.2. PSQI-J Scores for the Entire Cohort Stratified by Frailty Status
3.3. Sleep Disorder according to the Five Phenotypes of Frailty
3.4. Subset Analysis 1: PSQI-J Scores for LC Patients Stratified by Frailty Status
3.5. Subset Analysis 2: PSQI-J Scores for Non-LC Patients Stratified by Frailty Status
3.6. Subset Analysis 3: PSQI-J Scores for Elderly Patients (65 Years or Older) Stratified by Frailty Status
3.7. Subset Analysis 4: PSQI-J Scores for Non-Elderly Patients (<65 Years) Stratified by Frailty Status
3.8. Subset Analysis 5: PSQI-J Scores for Male Patients Stratified by Frailty Status
3.9. Subset Analysis 6: PSQI-J Scores for Female Patients Stratified by Frailty Status
3.10. Univariate and Multivariate Analyses of Factors Linked to Sleep Disorder for All Cases
3.11. Univariate and Multivariate Analyses of Factors Linked to Sleep Disorder according to the LC Status
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | All Cases (n = 317) | |
---|---|---|
Age, years | Median (IQR) | 65 (54, 72) |
Gender | Male Female | 141 (44.5%) 176 (55.5%) |
Liver disease etiology | HCV HBV Other | 169 (53.3%) 56 (17.7%) 92 (29.0%) |
Presence of frailty | Yes No | 42 (13.2%) 275 (86.8%) |
Presence of LC | Yes No | 115 (36.3%) 202 (63.7%) |
Presence of ascites | Yes | 13 (4.1%) |
No | 304 (95.9%) | |
Presence of overt hepatic encephalopathy | Yes | 0 |
No | 317 (100%) | |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | Median (IQR) | 22.9 (20.55, 25.8) |
Walking speed, m/s | Median (IQR) | 1.32 (1.14, 1.46) |
Grip strength, kg, male | Median (IQR) | 33.8 (28.3, 39.9) |
Grip strength, kg, female | Median (IQR) | 20.9 (17.6, 24.5) |
Total bilirubin, mg/dL | Median (IQR) | 0.8 (0.7, 1.1) |
Serum albumin, g/dL | Median (IQR) | 4.3 (4.0, 4.5) |
ALBI score | Median (IQR) | −2.9 (−3.1, −2.6) |
ALBI grade, n (%) | 1 2 3 | 241 (76.0%) 69 (21.8%) 7 (2.2%) |
Prothrombin time, % | Median (IQR) | 91.1 (80.55, 98.6) |
Platelet count, ×104/mm3 | Median (IQR) | 17.7 (12.6, 21.85) |
AST, IU/L | Median (IQR) | 25 (19.5, 33.5) |
ALT, IU/L | Median (IQR) | 19 (14, 33) |
Total cholesterol, mg/dL | Median (IQR) | 182.5 (152, 214.75) |
PSQI-J score | Median (IQR) | 4 (3, 7) |
Variables | Univariate p-Value | Multivariate (OR, Per One Unit) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95%CI | p-Value | ||
Age, Years | 0.0111 | 1.048 | 0.988–1.030 | 0.4049 |
Gender, male/female | 0.1597 | |||
Presence of LC, yes/no | 0.1452 | |||
Etiology, HBV/HCV/others | 0.7782 | |||
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 0.3497 | |||
Total bilirubin, mg/dL | 0.5499 | |||
Serum albumin, g/dL | 0.0708 | |||
ALBI score | 0.0825 | 1.020 | 0.619–1.683 | 0.9372 |
Prothrombin time, % | 0.8128 | |||
Platelet count, ×104/mm3 | 0.8237 | |||
AST, IU/L | 0.8981 | |||
ALT, IU/L | 0.5496 | |||
Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 0.8548 | |||
Frailty score | <0.0001 | 1.939 | 1.505–2.498 | <0.0001 |
LC Patients | Non-LC Patients | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Univariate p-Value | Multivariate (OR, Per One Unit) | Univariate p-Value | Multivariate (OR, Per One Unit) | |||||
OR | 95%CI | p-Value | OR | 95%CI | p-Value | |||
Age, years | 0.2562 | 0.0557 | 1.010 | 0.984-1.037 | 0.4549 | |||
Gender, male/female | 0.1293 | 0.4502 | ||||||
Etiology, HBV/HCV/others | 0.2306 | 0.6555 | ||||||
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 0.4048 | 0.6501 | ||||||
Total bilirubin, mg/dL | 0.9895 | 0.9537 | ||||||
Serum albumin, g/dL | 0.0898 | 0.954 | 0.454–2.006 | 0.9012 | 0.3658 | |||
ALBI score | 0.2494 | 0.3755 | ||||||
Prothrombin time, % | 0.4484 | 0.8401 | ||||||
Platelet count, ×104/mm3 | 0.1005 | 0.6948 | ||||||
AST, IU/L | 0.7656 | 0.5099 | ||||||
ALT, IU/L | 0.7553 | 0.3735 | ||||||
Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 0.5783 | 0.9321 | ||||||
Frailty score | <0.0001 | 2.476 | 1.626–3.772 | <0.0001 | 0.0002 | 1.711 | 1.212–2.416 | 0.0023 |
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Nishikawa, H.; Yoh, K.; Enomoto, H.; Iwata, Y.; Nishimura, T.; Nishiguchi, S.; Iijima, H. Frailty and Sleep Disorder in Chronic Liver Diseases. Life 2020, 10, 137. https://doi.org/10.3390/life10080137
Nishikawa H, Yoh K, Enomoto H, Iwata Y, Nishimura T, Nishiguchi S, Iijima H. Frailty and Sleep Disorder in Chronic Liver Diseases. Life. 2020; 10(8):137. https://doi.org/10.3390/life10080137
Chicago/Turabian StyleNishikawa, Hiroki, Kazunori Yoh, Hirayuki Enomoto, Yoshinori Iwata, Takashi Nishimura, Shuhei Nishiguchi, and Hiroko Iijima. 2020. "Frailty and Sleep Disorder in Chronic Liver Diseases" Life 10, no. 8: 137. https://doi.org/10.3390/life10080137