Design Methodology and Economic Impact of Small-Scale HAWT Systems for Urban Distributed Energy Generation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology
2.1. Turbine Design
2.2. Economic Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Power Coefficient and Power Curves
3.2. LCOE Comparison
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
- The numerical simulation results indicate that significant increase in the power coefficient is obtained with diffuser augmentation DSWT compared to bare rotor design BSWT. Moreover, DSWT power coefficients are relatively high in a wide range of operating conditions (at different wind speeds). The maximum power coefficient of 0.43 is achieved at TSR of 3.5 for BSWT while for DSWT the maximum power coefficient of 0.78 is achieved at TSR of 4.5.
- The calculated LCOE is the lowest for the diffuser augmented turbines (DSWT) at all the considered locations, but the best wind conditions for small wind turbine installation are in Split. It worth noting that the use of a more sophisticated variable speed control strategy resulted in a higher LCOE than in the case of the fixed speed generator in Split, Knin and Šibenik, while in Zadar it is lower. This can be explained by comparing histograms. Most of the time, the wind speeds are far from the design conditions and there is more of an advantage of a variable rotational speed generator that enables operation at maximum efficiency even in the case of these off-design wind conditions. This leads to the conclusion that the use of a more expensive and more sophisticated variable rotational speed generator is justified mainly at locations where there is a significant frequency of wind speeds (above 40–50%) that are far from the design wind speed value.
- The sensitivity analysis demonstrates that diffuser-augmented turbines, particularly the DSWT-FS model, remain economically competitive, even with significant increases in investment and maintenance costs, offering a promising alternative to traditional bare turbine technologies. Moreover, the analysis of overestimated energy production reveals that, even when DSWT technology experiences a 20% reduction in actual energy production compared to the estimated value, its LCOE remains comparable to or lower than that of BSWT technology, where actual production matches the initial estimate.
- To ensure the reliable operation of small wind turbines with the diffuser in the urban areas, it is necessary to further consider the protection of diffuser augmented turbines in extreme wind conditions.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
References
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Mesh | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2.0 M | 0.7902 | 1.66 | 0.938 Monotonic convergence | 1.6 | 1.14% |
2 | 1.2 M | 0.7994 | 2.4 | |||
3 | 0.5 M | 0.8092 | - |
City | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Turbine | Zadar | Šibenik | Knin | Split | |
APP (kWh) | BSWT-FS | 558.6 | 863.1 | 818.7 | 1463.5 |
BSWT-VS | 840.4 | 1070.4 | 1021.6 | 1693.8 | |
DSWT-FS | 1193.8 | 1703.4 | 1650.7 | 2744.3 | |
DSWT-VS | 1544.4 | 1970.9 | 1861.4 | 3124.8 | |
LCOE (€/kWh) | BSWT-FS | 0.363 | 0.235 | 0.248 | 0.139 |
BSWT-VS | 0.314 | 0.246 | 0.258 | 0.156 | |
DSWT-FS | 0.229 | 0.161 | 0.166 | 0.100 | |
DSWT-VS | 0.222 | 0.174 | 0.184 | 0.110 |
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Budanko, M.; Guzović, Z. Design Methodology and Economic Impact of Small-Scale HAWT Systems for Urban Distributed Energy Generation. Machines 2024, 12, 886. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines12120886
Budanko M, Guzović Z. Design Methodology and Economic Impact of Small-Scale HAWT Systems for Urban Distributed Energy Generation. Machines. 2024; 12(12):886. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines12120886
Chicago/Turabian StyleBudanko, Marina, and Zvonimir Guzović. 2024. "Design Methodology and Economic Impact of Small-Scale HAWT Systems for Urban Distributed Energy Generation" Machines 12, no. 12: 886. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines12120886
APA StyleBudanko, M., & Guzović, Z. (2024). Design Methodology and Economic Impact of Small-Scale HAWT Systems for Urban Distributed Energy Generation. Machines, 12(12), 886. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines12120886