An Online Non-Invasive Condition Assessment Method of Outdoor High-Voltage SF6 Circuit Breaker
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Vibration Analysis
- Over-travel in connecting rids;
- Strain of a drive shaft;
- Release of a contact or frame or mobile mechanism;
- Hydraulic/spring mechanism defect.
Event Detection on the Travel Curve via Acceleration Signals
- Vibration signals from two accelerometers (installed on the base of two poles of the circuit breaker);
- Trip current signal;
- Breaker auxiliary contact signal;
- Breaker contact displacement signals obtained via two incremental rotary encoders.
- Tr-c (Closing reaction time): Time it takes after the trip signal (close command) for the contacts to start moving;
- Tr-o (Opening reaction time): Time it takes after the trip signal (open command) for the contacts to start moving;
- Close command: Instant when the command for operating the circuit breaker (trip) was issued;
- To-c (Mechanism closing time): This represents the interval between the closing command signal and the closing of the main contact;
- To-o (Mechanism opening time): This represents the interval between the opening command signal and the opening of the main contact;
- Highlights: Breaker speed calculation points.
3. Laboratory Testing System
4. Result
4.1. Mechanism Time Detection via Vibration Signal and Auxiliary Contact
4.2. Obtaining Reaction Time via Vibration Signal
5. Field Installation of Monitoring System
5.1. Structure and Functioning of the Monitoring System
- Opening trip signal: Signal resulting from an opening maneuver; in this scenario, the circuit breaker synchronism panel receives a command, a voltage level, which is applied to the contactor responsible for opening. The trip signal is then obtained via a Hall-type current transformer placed in the respective conductor, represented by the consequent current of this command.
- Closing trip signal: Signal resulting from a closing maneuver; in this scenario, the synchronism panel receives a command, a voltage level, which is applied to the contactor responsible for closing. The trip signal is then obtained via a Hall-type current transformer placed in the respective conductor, represented by the consequent current of this command.
- Contact displacement signal: Signal resulting from an opening or closing maneuver, when the main shaft of the mechanism rotates, effecting the displacement of the contacts. This movement is obtained via a linear displacement sensor, installed on the breaker shaft.
- Pole acceleration signal: Signal resulting from an opening or closing maneuver, described in the previous topics. The vibration caused by this movement is obtained via an accelerometer installed in the lower region of the circuit breaker housing.
- Extinguishing current signal: Current signal obtained at the instant of opening or closing of the breaker. This current is obtained via sensors installed on the secondary of the CT located on the circuit breaker phases.
- Auxiliary contact signal: Signal corresponding to the status of the breaker contact, open or closed. This is obtained through an optocoupler connected to the auxiliary contact of the circuit breaker. The breaker auxiliary contact terminals are available inside the breaker’s synchronism panel.
- SF6 sensor signal: Signal obtained via a multiparameter sensor installed in the circuit breaker housing. This signal provides information regarding the level of contamination of the SF6 gas.
- Motor voltage signal: Voltage signal applied to the motor during the charging event. This signal is obtained via a Hall-type voltage sensor and the sensor connection points are inside the synchronism panel.
- Motor current signal: Current signal from motor energization during charging event. This signal is obtained via a Hall-type current sensor and the conductors for connecting the sensors are inside the synchronism panel.
- Motor acceleration signal: Vibration signal resulting from motor running during the loading event. This signal is obtained via an accelerometer that is installed in the motor frame, in the pole panel.
5.2. Monitoring System Hardware and Sensors
- Characterization of degradation in contact resistance of HVCB poles via online monitoring of their wear.
- Characterization of HVCB insulator loss degradation characterization via online monitoring of opening and closing times and SF6 gas condition.
- Characterization of the degradation of the mechanical part of the SF6 circuit breaker via online monitoring of the actuation current via electrical signature.
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
HVCB | High Voltage Circuit Breaker |
SF6 | Sulfur hexafluoride |
CIGRE | Conseil International des Grands Resaux Electriquies |
FFT | Fast Fourier Transform |
ZFFT | Zoom FFT |
CZT | Shirp z transform |
STFT | Short Time Fourier Transform |
EMD | Empirical Mode Decomposition |
CWT | Continuous Wavelet transform |
OC | Opening–closing |
OCO | Opening–closing-opening |
Tr-c | Closing reaction time |
Tr-o | Opening reaction time |
To-c | Mechanism closing time |
To-o | Mechanism opening time |
CT | Current transformer |
DC | Direct current |
PT | Potential transformer |
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GL 312 Technical Characteristics | |
---|---|
Rated voltage | 145 kv |
Rated frequency | 50/60 Hz |
Rated normal current | up to 3150 A |
Rated short-circuit breaking current | up to 40 kA |
Rated short-circuit making current | 104 kA |
Rated duration of short-circuit | 3s |
Opening time | 28 ms |
Break time | 50 ms |
Closing time | ≤70 ms |
Description | GL314X | |
---|---|---|
Norma | CEI | |
Ur | Nominal voltage (effective value) | 245 KV |
Ir | Rated current in continuous service | 4000 kV |
fr | Nominal frequenc | 60 Hz |
Ip | Crest value of nominal withstand current | 125 kA |
Ik | Rated short-time withstand current | 50 kA |
Ud | Rated lightning impulse withstand voltage (crest value) | 460 kV |
Up | Phase to earth and between phases through open contacts | 1050 kV |
Isc | Rated symmetric interruption current | 50 kA |
Rated establishment current (crest value) | 110 kA | |
Total interruption time | 50 ± 2 ms | |
Nominal sequence of operation | O—O.3 s—CO—3 min—CO | |
Resistance of main contacts (new contacts) | ≤44 |
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© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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Da Silva, C.L.; Reis, O.; Assuncao, F.d.O.; Oliveira Castioni, J.C.; Martins, R.; Xavier, C.E.; Areias, I.A.d.-S.; Lambert-Torres, G.; Bonaldi, E.L.; Borges-da-Silva, L.E.; et al. An Online Non-Invasive Condition Assessment Method of Outdoor High-Voltage SF6 Circuit Breaker. Machines 2023, 11, 323. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines11030323
Da Silva CL, Reis O, Assuncao FdO, Oliveira Castioni JC, Martins R, Xavier CE, Areias IAd-S, Lambert-Torres G, Bonaldi EL, Borges-da-Silva LE, et al. An Online Non-Invasive Condition Assessment Method of Outdoor High-Voltage SF6 Circuit Breaker. Machines. 2023; 11(3):323. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines11030323
Chicago/Turabian StyleDa Silva, Clailton Leopoldo, Osmar Reis, Frederico de Oliveira Assuncao, Julio Cezar Oliveira Castioni, Rafael Martins, Carlos Eduardo Xavier, Isac Antonio dos-Santos Areias, Germano Lambert-Torres, Erik Leandro Bonaldi, Luiz Eduardo Borges-da-Silva, and et al. 2023. "An Online Non-Invasive Condition Assessment Method of Outdoor High-Voltage SF6 Circuit Breaker" Machines 11, no. 3: 323. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines11030323