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Volume 15
Issue 2
10.3390/axioms15020105
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Article

Existence and Uniqueness of Random Coupled Riemann–Liouville Fractional Differential Systems with Delays in Banach Spaces

by
Abdeldjabar Bourega
1,2,
Khelifa Daoudi
3,4,*,
Mohammed Nour A. Rabih
5,*,
Osman Abdalla Osman
5 and
Muntasir Suhail
5
1
Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Mathematics of Oran (LMFAO), University of Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella, Oran 31000, Algeria
2
Department of Materials Science, Amar Telidji University of Laghouat, Laghouat 03000, Algeria
3
Institute of Sciences, University Centre of Nour Bachir El Bayadh, El Bayadh 32000, Algeria
4
Laboratory of Mathematics, Djillali Liabes University, Sidi Bel Abbes 22000, Algeria
5
Department of Mathematics, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Axioms 2026, 15(2), 105; https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms15020105 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 30 November 2025 / Revised: 22 January 2026 / Accepted: 27 January 2026 / Published: 31 January 2026
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fractional Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems, 2nd Edition)
Versions Notes

Abstract

This paper investigates the existence and uniqueness of solutions for a class of Riemann–Liouville fractional differential systems with delays in Banach spaces that are randomly coupled. The analysis is carried out by constructing an appropriate operator under random conditions and applying Perov’s fixed-point theorem. To illustrate the effectiveness of the obtained results, two examples are presented.
Keywords: Riemann–Liouville fractional integral and derivative; differential equations; random variable; coupled system; existence; nonlinear systems; mathematical operators; fixed point theorems; banach spaces; Mittag–Leffer-type function Riemann–Liouville fractional integral and derivative; differential equations; random variable; coupled system; existence; nonlinear systems; mathematical operators; fixed point theorems; banach spaces; Mittag–Leffer-type function

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MDPI and ACS Style

Bourega, A.; Daoudi, K.; A. Rabih, M.N.; Osman, O.A.; Suhail, M. Existence and Uniqueness of Random Coupled Riemann–Liouville Fractional Differential Systems with Delays in Banach Spaces. Axioms 2026, 15, 105. https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms15020105

AMA Style

Bourega A, Daoudi K, A. Rabih MN, Osman OA, Suhail M. Existence and Uniqueness of Random Coupled Riemann–Liouville Fractional Differential Systems with Delays in Banach Spaces. Axioms. 2026; 15(2):105. https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms15020105

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bourega, Abdeldjabar, Khelifa Daoudi, Mohammed Nour A. Rabih, Osman Abdalla Osman, and Muntasir Suhail. 2026. "Existence and Uniqueness of Random Coupled Riemann–Liouville Fractional Differential Systems with Delays in Banach Spaces" Axioms 15, no. 2: 105. https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms15020105

APA Style

Bourega, A., Daoudi, K., A. Rabih, M. N., Osman, O. A., & Suhail, M. (2026). Existence and Uniqueness of Random Coupled Riemann–Liouville Fractional Differential Systems with Delays in Banach Spaces. Axioms, 15(2), 105. https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms15020105

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