Abstract
This paper addresses the weighted composition operators from the -Bloch spaces to the spaces of bounded holomorphic functions on W, where W is a generalized Hua domain of the fourth kind. Additionally, we obtain some necessary and sufficient conditions for the boundedness and compactness of these operators.
Keywords:
generalized Hua domain of the fourth type; (α, k)-Bloch space; MSC:
32A27; 47B33
1. Introduction
Let be a bounded domain of and the class of all holomorphic functions on . For a given holomorphic function (self-map) : and a function , we define the linear operator by the following equality:
The latter equation is a weighted composition operator for . If , it reduces to the composition operator, whereas for , it becomes the multiplication operator.
In 1930, Cartan [1] was the first to characterize the six types of irreducible bounded symmetric domains. These comprise four bounded symmetric classical domains, also called Cartan domains, and two exceptional domains, whose complex dimensions are 16 and 27, respectively. and denote the Cartan domains of the first type, second type, third type, and fourth type, respectively. In addition, Yin introduced the Hua domains [2], which include the Cartan–Hartogs, Cartan–Egg, Hua, generalized Hua domains, and the Hua construction. and denote the generalized Hua domains of the first type, second type, third type, and fourth type, respectively. The fourth type of the generalized Hua domain is defined as follows:
where
is a Cartan domain of the fourth type. ; denotes the transpose of z; is the conjugate of z; are positive integers; and are positive real numbers. Without a loss of generality, it is assumed for , and . Let
We also write
For convenience, the fourth type of the generalized Hua domain will be referred to as .
On , the -Bloch space comprises all , such that
where
It is clear that is a Banach space.
On , a Bers-type space comprises all , such that
It is evident that is a Banach space with norm .
In fact, for , we have ; hence, it is easy to prove that is a norm using conventional methods.
To show that is complete, assume that is a Cauchy sequence in and for (assume ), . Whenever , we have
For any compact subset F in , it must exist , such that
From (1), we know that
Hence, there exists a holomorphic function f in , such that
and converges uniformly to f on every compact set of . In (1), let , whenever , we obtain
In particular, whenever , we obtain , hence
therefore, .
The boundedness and the compactness of the weighted composition operators on (or between) the spaces of the holomorphic functions on various domains have received significant attention. Indeed, the literature has already presented very thorough conclusions on the unit disc [3,4,5,6], the unit polydisk [7,8,9,10,11], and the open unit ball [12,13,14,15,16,17,18]. In the setting of the infinite dimensional bounded symmetric domains, Zhou and Shi [19] characterized the compactness of the composition operators on the Bloch space using classical bounded symmetric domains. Hamada [20] studied the weighted composition operators from to the Bloch space of infinite dimensional bounded symmetric domains. Allen and Colonna [21] investigated the weighted composition operators from to the Bloch space of a bounded homogeneous domain.
Since establishing the Hua domains, many issues have been investigated in these domains. Some examples are the Bergman problem, the convexity problem of the Hua domains and the extreme value problem of the Hua domains. Yin et al. [2] obtained the explicit formula of the Bergman kernel function on Hua domains of four kinds. Although many researchers investigating complex variables have made significant achievements, research on operators in the Hua domains is still limited. For example, Bai [22] investigated the weighted composition operators on Bers-type spaces on Cartan–Hartogs domains of the first kind. Su and Zhang [23] characterized the composition operators from the p-Bloch space to the q-Bloch space on Cartan–Hartogs domains of the fourth kind. Su, Li, and Wang [24] studied the boundedness and compactness of weighted composition operators from the u-Bloch space to the v-Bloch spaces on Hua domains of the first kind. Su and Zhang [25] studied the weighted composition operators from to the -Bloch space on Cartan–Hartogs domains of the first type. Su and Wang [26] discussed weighted composition operators between Bers-type spaces on generalized Hua–Cartan–Hartogs domains. Jiang and Li [27] studied the boundedness and compactness of weighted composition operators between Bers-type spaces on Hua domains of four kinds. However, there is currently relatively little research on the boundedness and compactness of weighted composition operators on generalized Hua domains. Therefore, the research in this article is of great significance.
Weighted composition operators have widespread applications. For example, R. F. Allen, W. George, and M. A. Pons [28] investigated the properties of the topological space of composition operators on the Banach algebra of bounded functions on an unbounded, locally finite metric space in the operator norm topology and essential norm topology. The authors characterized the compactness of the differences between two such composition operators. Z. Guo [29] studied the boundedness, essential norm, and compactness of the generalized Stevi–Sharma operator from the minimal Mobius invariant space into the Bloch-type space. S. Heidarkhani, S. Moradi, and G. A. Afrouzi [30] characterized the existence of at least one weak solution for a nonlinear Steklov boundary-value problem involving a weighted )-Laplacian. Stević and Ueki [31] investigated the boundedness, compactness, and estimated essential norm of a polynomial differentiation composition operator from the Hardy space to the weighted-type spaces of holomorphic functions on the unit ball.
Recently, we studied the boundedness and compactness of weighted composition operators from the -Bloch spaces to the Bers-type spaces on generalized Hua domains of the first kind [32]. Motivated by [32], we characterized the generalized Hua’s inequalities on the generalized Hua domains of the fourth kind. These inequalities are used to study the boundedness and the compactness of weighted composition operators from the -Bloch spaces to the spaces built on generalized Hua domains of the fourth kind and we obtain some necessary and sufficient conditions.
Notes: We investigated the boundedness and the compactness of the weighted composition operators from -Bloch to on generalized Hua domains of the first kind in [32]. We also discuss these issues in a similar way on generalized Hua domains of the second kind, excluding the discussion presented herein. We must use new basic knowledge and skills to discuss these issues on generalized Hua domains of the fourth kind. Regarding generalized Hua domains of the third kind, we cannot discuss these issues yet since we cannot prove that our results are similar to Lemmas 2 and 4; this is an open question. We speculate that similar results regarding the boundedness and the compactness of weighted composition operators from -Bloch to Bers on generalized Hua domains of the third kind are also valid.
2. Preliminaries
Lemma 1
([32]). Let
be an matrix . Then, there exists an unitary matrix U and an unitary matrix V, such that
and
where are the characteristic values of . .
Lemma 2
([32]). Let be positive integers, and , then,
for .
Lemma 3
([32]). Let be positive integers, , , . Then, the following inequality holds:
where .
Lemma 4
([32]). Let , and if , then
and “=” holds if and only if . If , then
Lemma 5
([32]). Assume and , then
with equality that holds if and only if .
Lemma 6.
Assume and if , , then
Proof.
By [25], we know
The inequality is obtained on both sides to the power of and we obtain
□
Lemma 7
([26]). Let . Hence,
There exists a type of linear mapping, where
These are mapped one by one to a domain , where
and
Lemma 8.
Let be positive integers. , , , . Then,
- (1)
- (2)
where .
Proof.
For , there exists a real orthogonal matrix , such that
Let
Since , , one has . From Lemma 7, we obtain and for all , we have
For , we obtain
According to Lemma 2,
According to Lemma 3 and
we obtain
If , then
One has
and then
Therefore, by combining (6) and (7), we obtain
where . □
Lemma 9.
Let , , , then
- (i)
- (ii)
Proof.
For , there exists a real orthogonal matrix , such that
Let
According to Lemma 7, we know that , , and
From Lemma 5, we have
From Lemma 6, we obtain
□
Lemma 10.
Let be positive integers, , and . Then, there exists a constant C, such that
for .
Proof.
According to Lemma 8, we obtain
By the elementary inequality , we obtain
where .
Below is a classification discussion of :
Case : ,
where .
Case : ,
where .
Case : ,
where , By combining (9)–(11), the proof is completed. □
Lemma 11.
Let be a holomorphic self-map of and . The weighted composition operator is compact if and only if is bounded and for any bounded sequence in converging to 0 uniformly on compact subsets of , as .
Proof.
This is similar to the proof of Lemma 12 in reference [32]. □
3. Boundedness of
Theorem 1.
Assume that , , and that are positive integers, . Let be a holomorphic self-map of , with and . If
then the weighted composition operator is bounded.
Conversely, if the weighted composition operator is bounded, then
Proof.
Assume that (12) holds and for , we know that
From Lemma 10, we obtain
For all , we have
which implies that is bounded.
Conversely, assume that is bounded. For any , let us introduce a test function , such that
This means that
There exists a constant , such that
According to Lemma 9, we obtain
Since , one has
Therefore, we have
Let us consider
so that
□
Theorem 2.
Assume that , and that are positive integers. Let be a holomorphic self-map of , with and . If
then the weighted composition operator is bounded.
Conversely, if the weighted composition operator is bounded, then
Proof.
Assuming that (14) holds and , we have
From Lemma 10, we obtain
For all , we obtain
This implies that is bounded.
Conversely, assume that is bounded. For , we define a test function , such that
For the test function f, we have
There exists a constant , such that
From Lemma 9, we obtain
Since , so that
It follows that
For , we obtain
□
4. Compactness of
Theorem 3.
Assume , , and that are positive integers, . Let be a holomorphic self-map of , with and . If and
then the weighted composition operator is compact.
Conversely, if the weighted composition operator is compact, then and
Proof.
Assume that (16) holds. We have
then, is bounded. Consider the bounded sequence in , which converges to 0 uniformly on compact subsets of . Hence, there exists , such that . From (16), , , such that for , we have
According to Lemma 10, we obtain
On the other hand, let us introduce the set
which is a compact subset of . Assuming that converges to 0 uniformly on any compact subset of and since , for such , we know
Combining (19) and (20), we have
Hence, from Lemma 11, we finally have that is compact.
Consequently, suppose is compact. Letting , we have
which shows that Consider now a sequence in , such that as . If such a sequence does not exist, then condition (17) obviously holds. Moreover, let us introduce the following sequence of test functions :
Differentiating the above formula provides
There exists two constants and , such that
from Lemma 9, we obtain
We now have two cases:
Case : If , then
where .
Case : If , then
where
By using both cases and , we obtain that , then , which means that is bounded, where . It follows that and
If , then
Since , we take and obtain . This implies , then . Consider a compact subset E of . For , it is easy to see that has a positive lower bound. Thus, we have on all compact subsets of .
If , then
Since and as , we have .
The above proof shows that on all compact subsets of . From Lemma 11, this implies that . Hence, we conclude that
□
Theorem 4.
Assume , , and that are some positive integers. Let be a holomorphic self-map of , with , . If and
then the weighted composition operator is compact.
Conversely, if the weighted composition operator is compact, then and
Proof.
Assume that (21) holds. We have
From Theorem 2, we have that is bounded. Let be a bounded sequence in with that converges to 0 uniformly on compact subsets of . There exists , such that . From (21) and for any , there is a constant for , such that
From Lemma 10, we have
On the other hand, if we set
we have that is a compact subset of . For defined in (23), converges to 0 uniformly on any compact subset of . For , we have
According to inequalities (24) and (25), we see that
Consequently, from Lemma 11, is compact.
Conversely, suppose that is compact. Then, is bounded. Letting , we obtain
This shows that Consider now a sequence in , such that as . If such a sequence does not exist, then condition (22) obviously holds.
Moreover, let us introduce a sequence of test functions :
Differentiation gives
It follows that there exists a constant , such that
By the elementary inequality and Lemma 9, we have
This shows that , and
Taking , we have . This implies that . If E is a compact subset of , for , we have that has a positive lower bound. Thus, we have on all compact subsets of . According to Lemma 11, we have that . Hence,
□
Author Contributions
Writing original draft, J.S. and J.W. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
Funding
Supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China, Grant/Award Numbers: 11771184.
Data Availability Statement
The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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