Decision Rules for Renewable Energy Utilization Using Rough Set Theory
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
2.1. Rough Sets
- U: the set of objects
- A: the set of attributes,
- V = , Va, the set of values of attributes a A,
- p: U × A ⟶ V, an information function, ,
- the information about x in S,
2.2. Renewable Energy
3. Methodology and Conceptual Framework
3.1. Conceptual Framework
Algorithm 1. |
1. Input t and t + 1 2. if condition changed 3. if result changed 4. if result change is significant 5. output “form 9” 6. else 7. output “form 8” 8. else 9. output “form 7” 10. else 11. if result changed 12. if condition increased 13. output “form 4” 14. elif condition decreased 15. output “form 6” 16. else 17. output “form 2” 18. else 19. if condition increased 20. output “form 3” 21. elif condition decreased 22. output “form 5” 23. else 24. output “form 1” 25. end |
3.2. Methodology
- t: time interval.
- rij: rule set.
- A: condition attribute.
- O: result (decision attribute).
- v: variable of condition attribute.
- w: variable of result attribute.
- i: rule index, .
- j: rule index, .
- n: number of condition attributes
- m: number of result attributes.
3.3. Case Study
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Result
4.2. Case Study Summary
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Result Unchanged | Result Changes | |
---|---|---|
Condition attribute remains unchanged | Form 1 | Form 2 |
Addition of a condition attribute | Form 3 | Form 4 |
Removal of a condition attribute | Form 5 | Form 6 |
Change in a condition attribute value | Form 4 | Form 8 |
Special case | Form 9 |
(Announced Upper Limit, Unit: NTD/kWh) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||
First Quarter | Second Quarter | First Quarter | Second Quarter | First Quarter | Second Quarter | First Quarter | Second Quarter | ||
Capacity ranges = x (unit: kWh) | |||||||||
1 < x < 20 | 5.8952 | 5.7848 | 5.6707 | 5.6281 | 5.7132 | 5.7132 | 5.7983 | 5.7983 | |
20 < x < 100 | NGF | 4.5549 | 4.4538 | 4.3304 | 4.2906 | 4.4366 | 4.3701 | 4.5925 | 4.5083 |
GF | 4.4861 | 4.3864 | |||||||
100 < x < 500 | 4.0970 | 3.9666 | 3.9975 | 3.9227 | 4.1372 | 4.0722 | 4.3175 | 4.2355 | |
<500 | NGF | 4.1122 | 3.9727 | 3.9449 | 3.8980 | 4.0571 | 3.9917 | 4.2313 | 4.1579 |
GF | 4.4191 | 4.3722 | 4.5245 | 4.4591 | 4.6902 | 4.6168 | |||
Rate increase items and percentages: | |||||||||
Green Energy Roofs Project | 3% | 3% | 3% | 3% | |||||
Indigenous or remote areas | none | 1% | none | 1% | 1% | none | none | ||
Northern Taiwan | 15% | 15% | 15% | 15% | |||||
OT1 | 15% | 15% | 15% | 15% | |||||
OT2 | 4% | 4% | 4% | 4% |
Type | Attribute | Definition | Intervention |
---|---|---|---|
Basic information factors | Region | Offshore islands, northern region, others | Yes |
Remote area | Remote area: no, yes | Yes | |
Background factors | Family type | Single family, childless family, single-parent family, grandparent family, extended family, others | No |
Gender | Gender of the head of household: F = female, M = male | No | |
Age | Age of the head of household (years, adults over 20 years old): 20~29, 30~39, 40~49, 50~59, 60~69, >69 | No | |
Education | Head of household education level: 0 = elementary and under, 1 = junior, 2 = senior, 3 = college, 4 = graduate and above | No | |
Population (pop.) | Number of persons: ≤1, 2~3, 4~5, >5 | Yes | |
Income | Household annual net income (USD): 0~18,000; 18,001~40,000; 40,001~80,000; 80,001~150,000; >150,001 | Yes | |
Age of house | Age of house (years): ≤5, 6~20, >20 | Yes | |
Number of stories | Number of stories: 1~2, 3~4, >5 | Yes | |
Capacity (cap) | Device capacity (kilowatts): <20, 20~100, 100~500, >500 | Yes | |
Perceived value (PV) | Perceived value/benefit or no benefit: no, yes | Yes | |
Reward factors | Reward | Incentive bonus for household installation of rooftop solar panels: 3%, 4%, 7%, 8%, 18%, 19% | Yes |
Basic Attributes | Background Attributes | Outcome Attribute | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No | A1 | A2 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | O1 | O2 |
Region | Remote | pop. | Income | House | Stories | cap | PV | Ratio | Accept | |
0 | Offshore islands | No | ≤1 | 0~18,000 | ≤5 | 1~2 | <20 | No | 3% | Low |
1 | Northern region | Yes | 2~3 | 18,001 ~40,000 | 6~20 | 3~4 | 20~100 | Yes | 4% | Sustain |
2 | Others | 4~5 | 40,001 ~80,000 | >20 | >5 | 100~500 | 7% | High | ||
3 | >5 | 80,001 ~150,000 | >500 | 8% | ||||||
4 | >150,001 | 18% | ||||||||
5 | 19% |
Condition Attributes | Outcome | Type | Evolutionary Implications |
---|---|---|---|
Maintenance | Result does not change | 1 | Maintain original attitude |
Result changes | 2 | No longer feel policy relevance or have higher expectations | |
Increasing restrictions | Result does not change | 3 | Attributes are not noticed by the target households or have little impact on participation conditions |
Result changes | 4 | Attributes are more valued by the target households, and the program’s original goals may need to be reassessed | |
Reducing conditions | Result does not change | 5 | Deleted attributes are less necessary |
Result changes | 6 | Attributes have a significant impact on target households | |
Adjusting conditions | Result does not change | 7 | Low changes before and after adjustment, with little impact on willingness to participate |
Result changes | 8 | Changes in attributes have a significant impact on target households, and subtle adjustments may have a significant impact | |
Special circumstances | 9 | New decision rules are generated |
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Huang, C.; Huang, C.-C.; Chen, D.-N.; Wang, Y. Decision Rules for Renewable Energy Utilization Using Rough Set Theory. Axioms 2023, 12, 811. https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms12090811
Huang C, Huang C-C, Chen D-N, Wang Y. Decision Rules for Renewable Energy Utilization Using Rough Set Theory. Axioms. 2023; 12(9):811. https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms12090811
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuang, Chuying, Chun-Che Huang, Din-Nan Chen, and Yuju Wang. 2023. "Decision Rules for Renewable Energy Utilization Using Rough Set Theory" Axioms 12, no. 9: 811. https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms12090811