Effect of Sodium Borate on the Preparation of TiN from Titanomagnetite Concentrates by Carbothermic Reduction–Magnetic Separation and Acid Leaching Process
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Methods
2.3. Characterization
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. Titanomagnetite Concentrate Composition
3.2. Effect of Sodium Borate on the Formation of MgAl2O4
3.3. Effect of Sodium Borate on the Formation of TiN
3.4. SEM Observation and EDS Analysis
3.5. Effect of Sodium Borate on the Separation of Metallic Iron and TiN
3.6. Effect of Sodium Borate on the Purification of TiN
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- During the carbothermal reduction of TMCs, the addition of sodium borate not only inhibits the formation of MgAl2O4, but also promotes the reduction and nitridation of TMCs.
- (2)
- The promotion mechanism of sodium borate on the formation of TiN can be summarized as follows: sodium borate first promotes the formation of Fe and M3O5 by catalyzing coal gasification and then promotes the reduction and nitridation of titanium oxide to TiN by accelerating the carburization of iron.
- (3)
- Sodium borate reacts with MgO, Al2O3, and other components to form complex compounds of Na2O–MgO–Al2O3–CaO–SiO2–FeO–TiO2 during the carbothermal reduction of TMCs.
- (4)
- Sodium borate slightly affects the separation of metallic Fe and TiN. Adding 16% sodium borate resulted in DRI containing 94.3% Fe, 0.6% Ti, and 0.1% V after magnetic separation. The recoveries of Fe, Ti, and V in this DRI were 91.2%, 5.1%, and 17.3%, respectively.
- (5)
- After HCl + HF leaching, a TiN product containing 74.1% Ti and 2.8% V was obtained with a Ti recovery of 94.6% and V recovery of 58.3%. In contrast the resulting TiN product contained a considerable amount of MgAl2O4 and CaMg2Al2F2 without the addition of sodium borate.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Fe | TiO2 | V2O5 | Al2O3 | MgO | SiO2 | CaO | S |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
56.7 | 10.5 | 0.6 | 2.6 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 0.4 | 0.6 |
Point | C | N | O | Mg | Al | Si | Ca | Ti | V | Fe | Phase |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2.9 | – | 48.0 | 14.3 | 28.2 | 2.5 | 0.9 | 2.7 | 0.1 | 0.5 | Spinel |
2 | 5.0 | – | – | – | – | 0.5 | – | – | – | 94.5 | Iron |
3 | 2.0 | 19.3 | – | – | – | – | 0.3 | 74.8 | 3.1 | 0.7 | TiN |
Point | C | N | O | Mg | Al | Si | Ca | Ti | Na | V | Fe | Phase |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 4.9 | – | 55.9 | 8.9 | 11.5 | 9.1 | 3.8 | 1.1 | 4.8 | – | 4.9 | Slag |
2 | 11.2 | – | – | – | – | 0.4 | – | – | – | – | 88.4 | Iron |
3 | 7.9 | 21.8 | – | – | – | – | – | 66.9 | – | 3.5 | – | TiN |
Additive | Yield * | Element Content in DRI | Recovery | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DRI | Impure TiN | Fe | Ti | V | Fe | Ti | V | |
No additive | 53.6 | 30.9 | 95.3 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 90.1 | 3.9 | 15.5 |
16% sodium borate | 54.9 | 32.0 | 94.3 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 91.2 | 5.1 | 17.3 |
Component | Ti | V | Fe | Al | Mg | Si | Ca | Na | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Impure TiN | 19.5 | 0.7 | 8.5 | 5.1 | 4.6 | 5.2 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 48.6 |
TiN Product | 74.1 | 2.8 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 77.3 |
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Yu, W.; Wen, X.; Chen, J.; Tang, Q.; Dong, W.; Zhong, J. Effect of Sodium Borate on the Preparation of TiN from Titanomagnetite Concentrates by Carbothermic Reduction–Magnetic Separation and Acid Leaching Process. Minerals 2019, 9, 675. https://doi.org/10.3390/min9110675
Yu W, Wen X, Chen J, Tang Q, Dong W, Zhong J. Effect of Sodium Borate on the Preparation of TiN from Titanomagnetite Concentrates by Carbothermic Reduction–Magnetic Separation and Acid Leaching Process. Minerals. 2019; 9(11):675. https://doi.org/10.3390/min9110675
Chicago/Turabian StyleYu, Wen, Xiaojin Wen, Jiangan Chen, Qiongyao Tang, Wen Dong, and Jingen Zhong. 2019. "Effect of Sodium Borate on the Preparation of TiN from Titanomagnetite Concentrates by Carbothermic Reduction–Magnetic Separation and Acid Leaching Process" Minerals 9, no. 11: 675. https://doi.org/10.3390/min9110675