The Heavy-Metal Fingerprint of the Irinovskoe Hydrothermal Sulfide Field, 13°20′ N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Geological Background
3. Materials and Methods
4. Results
4.1. Textures of Massive Sulfides
4.2. Mineralogy of Massive Sulfides
4.2.1. Zn Sulfides
4.2.2. Cd Sulfides
4.2.3. Fe Sulfides and Fe Arsenide
4.2.4. Cu–Fe and Cu Sulfides
4.2.5. Pb Sulfides
4.2.6. Noble Metal Mineralization
4.2.7. Non-Sulfide Minerals
4.3. Chemical and S Isotopic Composition of Zn-Rich Massive Sulfides
4.4. Physicochemical Modeling
5. Discussion
5.1. Sequence of Mineral Formation and Mineralogical Curiosities
5.1.1. High-Temperature Stage
5.1.2. Moderate-Temperature Stage
FeS Content of Zn Sulfides
Fe vs. Cd Competition in Zn Sulfides
5.1.3. Low-Temperature Stage
Native Sulfur
Cd-Bearing Minerals
As-Bearing Minerals
Ag–Sb-Rich Sulfosalts
Naumannite
5.1.4. Seafloor Oxidation Stage
5.2. Matter Sources
5.2.1. Possible Mafic/Ultramafic-Related Signatures
5.2.2. Possible Magmatic-Related Signatures
5.2.3. Constraints from Physicochemical Modeling
5.3. Potential Ecological Risks
6. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample No. | Wurtzite | Sphalerite | Pyrite | Chalcopyrite | Amorphous Silica |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
241-2/1 | 17 | 25 | 15 | 20 | 23 |
241-2/2 * | 3 | 5 | 11 | 5 | 67 |
241-2/3-а | 64 | 15 | 16 | 5 | tr. |
241-2/3-b | 29 | 30 | 35 | 4 | 2 |
241-2/3-c | 65 | 20 | 11 | 4 | tr. |
Figure No. | Analysis No. | Zn | Fe | Cd | Cu | Ag | Pb | Sb | S | Total | FeS * | Formula Based on One S Atom |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zoned wurtzite crystals | ||||||||||||
Figure 3e | 29000cc | 47.03 | 18.55 | 0.44 | 33.67 | 99.68 | 15.77 | (Zn0.69Fe0.32)1.01S1.00 | ||||
29000d r | 56.90 | 7.64 | 0.24 | 0.44 | 1.42 | 32.66 | 99.31 | 6.68 | (Zn0.85Fe0.13Cd0.01Cu0.01Ag0.01)1.01S1.00 | |||
29000f c | 54.33 | 11.75 | 0.26 | 0.78 | 32.96 | 100.09 | 10.09 | (Zn0.81Fe0.20Cd0.01Cu0.01)1.03S1.00 | ||||
29000e r | 56.02 | 7.74 | 0.30 | 0.71 | 2.07 | 32.79 | 99.63 | 6.76 | (Zn0.84Fe0.14Ag0.02Cd0.01Cu0.01)1.02S1.00 | |||
Figure 3g | 29000h c | 51.07 | 14.59 | 0.55 | 33.44 | 99.65 | 12.50 | (Zn0.75Fe0.25)1.00S1.00 | ||||
29000g r | 59.66 | 2.97 | 5.50 | 31.65 | 99.79 | 2.66 | (Zn0.92Fe0.05Cd0.05)1.02S1.00 | |||||
Zoned reniform sphalerite | ||||||||||||
Figure 4c | 29001o c | 53.71 | 3.79 | 0.23 | 1.83 | 9.55 | 30.40 | 99.51 | 3.57 | (Zn0.87Fe0.07Pb0.05Ag0.02)1.01S1.00 | ||
29001p r | 61.26 | 4.90 | 0.29 | 0.37 | 33.34 | 100.16 | 4.24 | (Zn0.90Fe0.08)0.98S1.00 | ||||
29001q c | 55.17 | 2.48 | 0.29 | 2.56 | 8.57 | 30.48 | 99.55 | 2.33 | (Zn0.89Fe0.05Pb0.04Ag0.02)1.00S1.00 | |||
29001r r | 59.65 | 5.46 | 0.34 | 0.48 | 1.37 | 32.36 | 99.67 | 4.81 | (Zn0.90Fe0.10Pb0.01)1.01S1.00 | |||
Microcrystalline to framboidal sphalerite | ||||||||||||
Figure 4d | 29023b c | 54.04 | 6.21 | 6.66 | 32.21 | 99.12 | 5.63 | (Zn0.82Fe0.11Pb0.03)0.96S1.00 | ||||
29023f r | 63.60 | 2.01 | 34.05 | 99.66 | 1.74 | (Zn0.92Fe0.03)0.95S1.00 | ||||||
29023e c | 58.47 | 4.00 | 4.06 | 32.51 | 99.03 | 3.58 | (Zn0.88Fe0.07Pb0.02)0.99S1.00 | |||||
29023g r | 63.86 | 2.09 | 33.21 | 99.15 | 1.83 | (Zn0.94Fe0.04)0.98S1.00 | ||||||
29023c | 46.14 | 20.04 | 33.24 | 99.42 | 17.07 | (Zn0.68Fe0.35)1.03S1.00 | ||||||
29023d | 46.17 | 20.07 | 33.82 | 100.06 | 17.07 | (Zn0.68Fe0.35)1.03S1.00 | ||||||
Acicular sphalerite | ||||||||||||
Figure 4e | 29021e 1 | 22.80 | 10.26 | 26.79 | 4.78 | 33.10 | 100.00 | 9.85 | (Zn0.34Cd0.23Fe0.18 Co0.04Pb0.02)0.81S1.00 | |||
29021g 2 | 31.82 | 15.84 | 8.21 | 6.73 | 34.72 | 100.00 | 14.15 | (Zn0.45Fe0.26Cd0.07Co0.04Pb0.03)0.85S1.00 | ||||
29021f | 48.04 | 15.80 | 35.43 | 99.26 | 13.33 | (Zn0.66Fe0.26)0.92S1.00 | ||||||
29021h 3 | 46.65 | 15.09 | 2.42 | 0.53 | 34.08 | 99.43 | 12.98 | (Zn0.67Fe0.25Cd0.02Co0.01)0.96S1.00 | ||||
Anhedral microcrystalline sphalerite | ||||||||||||
Figure 4g | 29006j | 30.03 | 0.80 | 41.38 | 0.58 | 26.90 | 99.69 | 0.85 | (Zn0.55Cd0.44Fe0.02Sb0.01)1.02S1.00 | |||
29006a | 50.72 | 1.38 | 17.48 | 0.42 | 30.09 | 100.09 | 1.30 | (Zn0.83Fe0.03Cd0.17Cu0.01)1.04S1.00 | ||||
29006d | 50.50 | 4.43 | 13.85 | 0.61 | 30.89 | 99.66 | 4.08 | (Zn0.80Cd0.13Fe0.08Sb0.01)1.02S1.00 | ||||
29006b | 36.57 | 0.80 | 35.02 | 0.27 | 28.00 | 100.40 | 0.81 | (Zn0.64Cd0.36Fe0.02)1.02S1.00 | ||||
29006c | 34.10 | 0.70 | 36.38 | 27.78 | 99.58 | 0.73 | (Zn0.60Cd0.37Fe0.01)0.98S1.00 | |||||
29006e | 42.15 | 1.10 | 27.45 | 0.20 | 28.38 | 99.35 | 1.10 | (Zn0.73Cd0.28Fe0.02)1.03S1.00 | ||||
29006f | 36.59 | 0.98 | 34.50 | 27.33 | 99.40 | 1.01 | (Zn0.66Cd0.36Fe0.02)1.04S1.00 | |||||
29006g | 32.56 | 1.49 | 37.61 | 27.44 | 99.30 | 1.56 | (Zn0.58Cd0.39Fe0.03)1.00S1.00 | |||||
29006h | 33.00 | 2.58 | 35.43 | 0.27 | 28.02 | 99.29 | 2.65 | (Zn0.58Cd0.36Fe0.05)0.99S1.00 |
Figure No. | Analysis No. | Cd | Zn | Fe | Cu | Ag | S | Total | Formula Based on One S Atom |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anhedral grains and subhedral crystals | |||||||||
Figure 5a | 28132a | 66.14 | 0.94 | 1.58 | 5.10 | 2.09 | 23.30 | 99.14 | (Cd0.81Cu0.11Fe0.04Ag0.03Zn0.02)1.01S1.00 |
28132b | 63.17 | 0.81 | 2.05 | 6.73 | 2.86 | 23.52 | 99.15 | (Cd0.77Cu0.14Fe0.05Ag0.04Zn0.02)1.03S1.00 | |
Figure 5b | 29008d | 66.66 | 1.69 | 0.92 | 8.21 | 22.80 | 100.29 | (Cd0.83Ag0.11Zn0.04Cu0.02)1.00S1.00 | |
29008e | 65.55 | 1.85 | 1.93 | 6.90 | 22.78 | 99.02 | (Cd0.82Ag0.09Zn0.04Cu0.04)0.99S1.00 | ||
29008f | 54.43 | 2.25 | 0.42 | 21.01 | 20.98 | 99.09 | (Cd0.73Ag0.30Zn0.05Cu0.01)1.10S1.00 | ||
Figure 7c | 29011d | 57.58 | 5.82 | 1.89 | 2.72 | 9.35 | 22.64 | 100.00 | (Cd0.73Zn0.13Ag0.12Cu0.06Fe0.05)1.08S1.00 |
29011e | 69.36 | 4.84 | 1.84 | 0.75 | 23.22 | 100.00 | (Cd0.85Zn0.10Fe0.05Cu0.02)1.02S1.00 | ||
29011g | 52.18 | 6.04 | 3.14 | 2.55 | 14.02 | 22.07 | 100.00 | (Cd0.67Ag0.19Zn0.13Fe0.08Cu0.06)1.14S1.00 | |
Acicular crystals | |||||||||
Figure 5c | 29022f | 55.98 | 16.14 | 3.18 | 24.70 | 100.00 | (Cd0.65Zn0.32Fe0.07)1.04S1.00 | ||
29022g | 58.63 | 13.76 | 2.96 | 24.65 | 100.00 | (Cd0.68Zn0.27Fe0.07)1.02S1.00 | |||
29022h | 54.16 | 16.93 | 4.23 | 24.68 | 100.00 | (Cd0.63Zn0.34Fe0.10)1.06S1.00 | |||
29022i | 56.55 | 18.53 | 0.00 | 24.92 | 100.00 | (Cd0.65Zn0.36)1.01S1.00 | |||
29022m | 47.93 | 23.07 | 3.47 | 25.54 | 100.00 | (Cd0.54Zn0.44Fe0.08)1.06S1.00 | |||
29022n | 55.16 | 15.50 | 4.58 | 24.77 | 100.00 | (Cd0.64Zn0.31Fe0.11)1.05S1.00 | |||
Spongy aggregates | |||||||||
Figure 5d | 29030e | 45.82 | 25.27 | 1.42 | 27.24 | 99.74 | (Cd0.48Zn0.45Fe0.03)0.96S1.00 | ||
29030f | 48.72 | 22.33 | 0.47 | 1.71 | 26.37 | 99.61 | (Cd0.53Zn0.42Ag0.02Fe0.01)0.97S1.00 | ||
29030g | 41.88 | 24.13 | 1.47 | 5.72 | 26.04 | 99.25 | (Cd0.46Zn0.45Ag0.07Fe0.03)1.01S1.00 | ||
29030h | 42.81 | 21.91 | 1.25 | 7.04 | 26.12 | 99.13 | (Cd0.47Zn0.41Ag0.08Fe0.03)0.99S1.00 | ||
29030i | 46.63 | 21.41 | 0.80 | 5.83 | 25.42 | 100.09 | (Cd0.52Zn0.41Ag0.07Fe0.02)1.02S1.00 | ||
29030j | 46.37 | 21.24 | 0.54 | 6.18 | 25.03 | 99.37 | (Cd0.53Zn0.42Ag0.07Fe0.01)1.03S1.00 | ||
29030k | 47.65 | 22.13 | 0.72 | 2.97 | 26.17 | 99.64 | (Cd0.52Zn0.41Ag0.03Fe0.02)0.98S1.00 |
Figure No. | Analysis no. | Cu | Ag | Fe | Zn | Sb | S | Total | Formula Based on 1 S Atom |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acicular covellite | |||||||||
Figure 7b Figure S1-19 | 29045a | 55.43 | 0.92 | 8.33 | 0.87 | 34.09 | 99.64 | (Cu0.82Fe0.14Ag0.01Zn0.01)0.98S1.00 | |
29045b | 56.93 | 0.66 | 7.28 | 0.88 | 33.96 | 99.71 | (Cu0.85Fe0.12Ag0.01Zn0.01)0.99S1.00 | ||
29045c | 55.12 | 0.58 | 9.36 | 1.08 | 33.54 | 99.69 | (Cu0.83Fe0.16Zn0.02Ag0.01)1.01S1.00 | ||
29045d | 57.74 | 0.88 | 5.75 | 0.64 | 34.34 | 99.34 | (Cu0.85Fe0.10Ag0.01Zn0.01)0.96S1.00 | ||
Covellite associated with CdS phase | |||||||||
Figure 7c | 29011a 1 | 52.03 | 8.02 | 2.60 | 34.44 | 100.00 | (Cu0.80Ag0.14Fe0.08Cd0.03)1.04S1.00 | ||
Figure S1-21 | 29010b | 49.35 | 14.33 | 4.26 | 31.22 | 99.15 | (Cu0.76Ag0.07Fe0.04)0.87S1.00 | ||
Covellite replaced by Ag–Sb–Cu sulfosalts | |||||||||
Figure 7d | 29033g | 49.97 | 12.60 | 1.17 | 3.48 | 32.49 | 99.71 | (Cu0.78Ag0.13Sb0.03Zn0.02)0.94S1.00 | |
29033i | 52.42 | 8.17 | 1.64 | 2.89 | 34.10 | 99.21 | (Cu0.78Ag0.07Sb0.02Zn0.02)0.87S1.00 | ||
Figure 9d | 29033e | 48.26 | 11.54 | 1.96 | 5.92 | 32.10 | 99.77 | (Cu0.76Ag0.11Sb0.05Zn0.03)0.94S1.00 | |
Figure 9c | 29031c | 46.93 | 19.45 | 0.00 | 3.51 | 30.11 | 100.00 | (Cu0.79Ag0.19Sb0.03)1.01S1.00 | |
29031h | 43.20 | 20.50 | 1.62 | 3.00 | 31.68 | 100.00 | (Cu0.69Ag0.19Sb0.03Zn0.02)0.93S1.00 | ||
28133e | 59.38 | 4.80 | 0.88 | 0.99 | 33.96 | 100.00 | (Cu0.88Ag0.04Sb0.01Zn0.01)0.94S1.00 | ||
Figure S1-22 | 29034c 2 | 50.93 | 13.39 | 2.96 | 31.69 | 99.45 | (Cu0.81Ag0.13Sb0.03)0.96S1.00 | ||
Figure S1-23 | 29033k | 44.90 | 19.70 | 0.46 | 0.28 | 2.96 | 31.25 | 99.55 | (Cu0.72Ag0.19Sb0.02Fe0.01)0.95S1.00 |
Figure S1-25 | 29031j | 53.06 | 6.05 | 1.29 | 4.13 | 35.35 | 99.88 | (Cu0.76Ag0.05Sb0.03Zn0.02)0.86S1.00 | |
Yarrowite | |||||||||
Figure 7f | 29029a | 32.25 | 37.00 | 4.88 | 25.50 | 99.62 | (Cu5.11Ag3.45Sb0.40)8.96S8 | ||
Figure S1-38 | 29029e | 32.20 | 37.53 | 1.39 | 2.63 | 25.47 | 99.22 | (Cu5.10Ag3.50Sb0.22Zn0.21)9.04S8 |
Figure No. | Analysis no. | Pb | As | S | Total | Formula Based on 1 S Atom |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Figure 8a | 29034j | 84.17 | 1.57 | 13.40 | 99.13 | (Pb0.97As0.05)1.02S1.00 |
Figure 8b | 29032i | 86.37 | 1.10 | 12.32 | 99.79 | (Pb1.08As0.04)1.12S1.00 |
Figure S1-28 | 29036a | 76.97 | 6.01 | 16.10 | 99.08 | (Pb0.74As0.16)0.90S1.00 |
Figure S1-29 | 29032m | 83.48 | 2.68 | 12.96 | 99.12 | (Pb1.00As0.09)1.09S1.00 |
29032n | 78.56 | 8.20 | 13.24 | 100.00 | (Pb0.92As0.05)1.19S1.00 | |
29032k | 85.82 | 1.41 | 12.01 | 99.24 | (Pb1.11As0.05)1.16S1.00 | |
29032l | 79.66 | 5.97 | 14.04 | 99.66 | (Pb0.88As0.18)1.06S1.00 | |
Figure S1-30 | 29032e | 85.27 | 1.28 | 12.62 | 99.17 | (Pb1.05As0.04)1.09S1.00 |
Figure S1-31 | 29032b | 85.13 | 1.55 | 12.32 | 99.00 | (Pb1.07As0.05)1.12S1.00 |
Figure No. | Analysis no. | Ag | Cu | Sb | Zn | Pb | As | S | Total | Formulas |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
“Argentotetrahedrite-Zn” with a simplified formula (Ag,Cu,Fe,Zn)12(Sb,As)4S13 (based on 13 S atoms) | ||||||||||
Figure S1-37 | 29034d | 44.71 | 5.74 | 26.38 | 1.17 | n.d. | 0.89 | 20.26 | 99.16 | (Ag8.53Cu1.86Zn0.37)10.75(Sb4.46As0.24)4.70S13 |
Figure 7f | 29029c | 38.67 | 12.48 | 25.18 | 0.48 | n.d. | 1.17 | 21.12 | 99.09 | (Ag7.07Cu3.88Zn0.14)11.10(Sb4.08As0.31)4.39S13 |
Figure 7f | 29029d | 38.74 | 13.78 | 25.02 | 0.49 | n.d. | 0.74 | 20.40 | 99.17 | (Ag7.34Cu4.43Zn0.15)11.92(Sb4.20As0.20)4.40S13 |
Figure 8a | 29034h | 44.29 | 6.72 | 24.02 | 1.00 | 3.79 | n.d. | 19.59 | 99.42 | (Ag8.74Cu2.25Pb0.39Zn0.33)11.70Sb4.20S13 |
Fb1 | 36.0 | 12.4 | 25.1 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 21.8 | 100.5 1 | (Ag6.37Cu3.72Fe1.41Zn0.18)11.68(Sb3.95As0.13)4.08S13.00 | ||
Fb2 | 48.9 | 3.2 | 21.0 | 6.1 | 0.6 | 100.1 2 | (Ag9.50Zn1.95Cu1.06Fe0.08Hg0.01)12.60(Sb3.61As0.17Bi0.01)3.79S13.00 | |||
“Miargyrite” AgSbS2 (based on two S atoms) | ||||||||||
Figure 8a | 29034g | 31.67 | 2.71 | 35.02 | 0.93 | 8.99 | n.d. | 20.16 | 99.48 | (Ag0.93Cu0.14Pb0.14Zn0.05)1.25Sb0.91S2.00 |
Figure S1-35 | 29034f | 33.16 | 7.56 | 30.57 | 1.37 | n.d. | 2.27 | 24.26 | 99.19 | (Ag0.81Cu0.31Zn0.06)1.18(Sb0.91 As0.08)0.99S2.00 |
May | 37.06 | 41.13 | 0.79 | 21.50 | 100.48 | |||||
“Pyrargyrite” Ag3SbS3 (based on three S atoms) | ||||||||||
Figure 8a | 29034i | 51.56 | 7.21 | 21.42 | 0.84 | 0.00 | n.d. | 18.66 | 99.69 | (Ag2.46Cu0.58Zn0.07)3.11Sb0.91S3.00 |
Figure 7e | 29030a | 48.03 | 10.33 | 22.56 | 0.00 | n.d. | n.d. | 18.79 | 99.71 | (Ag2.28Cu0.83)3.11Sb0.95S3.00 |
Figure S1-25 | 29031i | 54.79 | 6.35 | 19.46 | 0.66 | n.d. | n.d. | 17.93 | 99.20 | (Ag2.72Cu0.54Zn0.05)3.31Sb0.86S3.00 |
Figure 8b | 29031l | 52.86 | 7.13 | 18.98 | 1.10 | n.d. | 0.78 | 18.67 | 99.51 | (Ag2.52Cu0.58Zn0.09)3.19(Sb0.80As0.05)0.85S3.00 |
Figure 8b | 29031k | 53.66 | 7.85 | 17.63 | 1.09 | n.d. | 0.94 | 17.89 | 99.07 | (Ag2.67Cu0.66Zn0.09)3.43(Sb0.78As0.07)0.85S3.00 |
Pyg | 59.82 | 22.00 | 0.08 | 17.82 | 99.72 | |||||
“Stephanite” Ag5SbS4 (based on four S atoms) | ||||||||||
Figure 7f | 29029b | 52.50 | 10.84 | 17.14 | 0.61 | n.d. | 0.00 | 18.27 | 99.37 | (Ag3.42Cu1.20Zn0.07)4.69Sb0.99S4.00 |
Figure 7d | 29033f | 53.00 | 10.15 | 16.10 | 1.15 | n.d. | 0.71 | 18.22 | 99.32 | (Ag3.46Cu1.12Zn0.12)4.70(Sb0.93As0.07)1.00 S4.00 |
Figure 7d | 29033h | 55.53 | 7.63 | 15.91 | 1.50 | n.d. | 0.55 | 18.48 | 99.60 | (Ag3.57Cu0.83Zn0.16)4.56(Sb0.91As0.05)0.96 S4.00 |
Sph | 68.65 | 15.22 | 16.02 | 99.89 |
Figure No. | Analysis No. | Ag | Cu | Sb | Zn | Fe | S | Total | Formula Based on One S Atom |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Figure 9a | 28130a | 77.18 | 6.60 | 0.63 | 1.19 | 13.66 | 99.27 | (Ag1.68Cu0.24Fe0.05Zn0.02)1.99S1.00 | |
28130b | 75.65 | 6.61 | 0.82 | 1.05 | 15.03 | 99.12 | (Ag1.50Cu0.22Fe0.04Zn0.03)1.78S1.00 | ||
28130c | 79.39 | 6.63 | 13.45 | 99.47 | (Ag1.75Cu0.25)2.00S1.00 | ||||
28130d | 80.46 | 5.03 | 0.68 | 0.72 | 12.86 | 99.76 | (Ag1.86Cu0.20Fe0.03Zn0.03)2.12S1.00 | ||
Figure 9b | 29008a | 81.39 | 2.98 | 1.68 | 13.20 | 99.25 | (Ag1.83Cu0.11Zn0.06)2.01S1.00 | ||
Figure 9c | 29031d | 71.57 | 4.37 | 10.24 | 1.50 | 12.32 | 100.00 | (Ag1.73Sb0.22Cu0.18Zn0.06)2.19S1.00 | |
29031f | 70.74 | 4.39 | 9.94 | 1.28 | 13.64 | 100.00 | (Ag1.54Sb0.19Cu0.16Zn0.05)1.94S1.00 | ||
29031e | 71.15 | 4.96 | 9.63 | 1.21 | 13.04 | 100.00 | (Ag1.62Sb0.19Cu0.19Zn0.05)2.05S1.00 | ||
29031g | 71.49 | 3.71 | 8.13 | 2.78 | 13.89 | 100.00 | (Ag1.53Sb0.15Cu0.13Zn0.10)1.92S1.00 | ||
Figure S1-21 | 29010a | 71.12 | 9.45 | 3.32 | 15.18 | 99.07 | (Ag1.39Cu0.31Fe0.13)1.86S1.00 | ||
Figure S1-22 | 29034b 1 | 60.29 | 9.63 | 12.69 | 1.20 | 14.61 | 99.10 | (Ag1.23Cu0.33Cd0.13Sb0.23Zn0.04)1.96S1.00 | |
Figure S1-42 | 29006n | 79.53 | 3.33 | 3.54 | 0.00 | 13.60 | 100.00 | (Ag1.74Zn0.13Cu0.12)1.99S1.00 | |
Figure S1-40 | 28130e | 74.13 | 8.94 | 2.22 | 14.24 | 99.53 | (Ag1.55Cu0.32Fe0.09)1.95S1.00 | ||
28130f | 75.58 | 7.66 | 2.14 | 13.96 | 99.34 | (Ag1.61Cu0.28Fe0.09)1.97S1.00 | |||
Figure S1-41 | 28131h | 86.30 | 0.52 | 1.71 | 11.04 | 99.56 | (Ag2.32Fe0.09Cu0.02)2.43S1.00 | ||
28131i | 86.78 | 0.42 | 1.66 | 11.10 | 99.96 | (Ag2.32Fe0.09Cu0.02)2.43S1.00 | |||
28131j | 86.19 | 1.86 | 11.33 | 99.38 | (Ag2.26Fe0.09)2.35S1.00 | ||||
28131k | 86.60 | 2.15 | 11.26 | 100.00 | (Ag2.29Fe0.11)2.40S1.00 |
Sample No. | Fe 1 | Сu | Zn | Cd | Pb | Co | Ni | Au | Ag |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IMin data | |||||||||
241-1/1 | 19.74 * | 287,250 | 4141 | 16.0 | 16.0 | 213 | 36.0 | 7.03 | 37.6 |
241-2/2 | 8.60 * | 51,200 | 69000 | 221 | 108 | 470 | 21.7 | 14.2 | 194.2 |
241-2/3 | 7.81 * | 7693 | 155,333 | 847 | 1061 | 123 | 22.5 | 7.5 | 490.6 |
PMGE data (unpublished report of 2011) | |||||||||
241 | 12.60 * | 5.18 * | 14.80 * | – | 350 | 253 | 27.6 | 14.2 | 247.1 |
241-m-2 | 20.79 | 1.52 * | 13.37 * | 696 | 1094 | 168 | 31.6 | 2.4 | 387.2 |
average | 13.91 * | 69,229 | 45,700 | 445 | 523 | 245 | 27.88 | 9.1 | 271 |
median | 12.60 * | 7693 | 4141 | 458 | 350 | 213 | 27.6 | 7.5 | 247 |
Sample No. | Ti | V | Cr | Mn | As | Se | Sr | Mo | Sn | Sb | Te | Ba | Tl | Bi | U |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
241-1/1 | 17.2 | 5.0 | 8.2 | 12.1 | 212 | 195 | 19.8 | 22.4 | 52.4 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 136 | 0.3 | 3.4 | 0.4 |
241-2/2 | 49.2 | 5.2 | 8.9 | 97.6 | 549 | 25.5 | 12.9 | 26.0 | 128 | 72.6 | 0.5 | 165 | 2.8 | 1.4 | 2.6 |
241-2/3 | 9.21 | 21.8 | 8.0 | 382 | 431 | 8.7 | 69.8 | 37.8 | 113 | 123 | 0.2 | 1094 | 4.6 | 0.1 | 2.1 |
average | 25.2 | 10.7 | 8.4 | 163.9 | 397 | 76.4 | 34.2 | 28.7 | 97.8 | 66.1 | 1.2 | 465 | 2.5 | 1.6 | 1.7 |
median | 17.2 | 5.2 | 8.2 | 97.6 | 431 | 25.5 | 19.8 | 26 | 113 | 72.6 | 0.5 | 165 | 2.8 | 1.4 | 2.1 |
Sample Number | Sampling Area | δ34S, ‰ | |
---|---|---|---|
241-2/1a | central part of chimney | –0.06 | |
241-2/1b | –1.15 | ||
241-2/1c | marginal part of chimney | –1.59 | |
241-2/1d | –0.65 | ||
241-2/3а | central part of chimney | –0.14 | |
241-2/3b | –0.86 | ||
241-2/3c | marginal part of chimney | –0.04 | |
241-2/3d | –0.22 |
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Melekestseva, I.; Kotlyarov, V.; Tret’yakov, G.; Shilovskikh, V.; Khvorov, P.; Belogub, E.; Beltenev, V.; Filippova, K.; Sadykov, S. The Heavy-Metal Fingerprint of the Irinovskoe Hydrothermal Sulfide Field, 13°20′ N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Minerals 2022, 12, 1626. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12121626
Melekestseva I, Kotlyarov V, Tret’yakov G, Shilovskikh V, Khvorov P, Belogub E, Beltenev V, Filippova K, Sadykov S. The Heavy-Metal Fingerprint of the Irinovskoe Hydrothermal Sulfide Field, 13°20′ N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Minerals. 2022; 12(12):1626. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12121626
Chicago/Turabian StyleMelekestseva, Irina, Vasiliy Kotlyarov, Gennadiy Tret’yakov, Vladimir Shilovskikh, Pavel Khvorov, Elena Belogub, Victor Beltenev, Kseniya Filippova, and Sergey Sadykov. 2022. "The Heavy-Metal Fingerprint of the Irinovskoe Hydrothermal Sulfide Field, 13°20′ N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge" Minerals 12, no. 12: 1626. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12121626