Illite-Age-Analysis (IAA) for the Dating of Shallow Faults: Prerequisites and Procedures for Improvement
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Basic Concept of IAA and Previous Studies
= (λe + λβ)(Ara(1 − x) + Ard·x)/λe·K
= (λe + λβ)(Ara + (Ard − Ara)x)/λe·K
3. Selection of Size Fractions and Its Interval
4. X-ray Diffractometry Procedure for IAA
5. WILDFIRE©-Based Polytype Quantification
5.1. Simulation of Polytype XRD Patterns Using WILDFIRE©
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- probability of zero rotation (P0)
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- probability of 120 rotation (P120)
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- fraction of n.60 degree rotation (F60)
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- proportion of cis-vacant layers (Pcis)
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- mean defect-free (Coherence) distance (MDFD)
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- water in expandable interlayers
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- crystallite thickness (% expandability)
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- no. of unit cells along X (N1)
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- no. of unit cells along Y (N2)
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- no. of unit cells along Z (N3)
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- K and Fe fraction in the structure
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- Randomness of sample (Dollase factor)
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- ordering of the illite/smectite (Reichweite), etc.
5.2. Illite Polytype Quantification
6. Radiometric Dating Method
7. IAA (Illite-Age-Analysis) for Fault Dating
8. Prerequisites and Procedures for Improvement of IAA
9. Concluding Remarks
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No. | Fault Name | Size Fractions (µm) | XRD Equipment with Sample Holder | Illute Polytype Quantification | Radiometric Dating | Year | Ref. No |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Lewis thrust | <0.02, 0.02–0.2, 0.2–2 | Conventional | Grathoff and Moore (1996) method using WILDFIRE | 40Ar/39Ar | 2001 | 3 |
2 | Moab Fault, Utah | <0.05, 0.05–0.5, 0.5–2 | Conventional | Grathoff and Moore (1996) method using WILDFIRE | 40Ar/39Ar | 2005 | 5 |
3 | Faults in Canadian Rocky Mountains | <0.02, 0.02–0.2, 0.2–2 | Conventional | Grathoff and Moore (1996) method using WILDFIRE | 40Ar/39Ar | 2006 | 6 |
4 | Anatolian Fault | <0.2, 0.2–0.5, 0.5–1, 1–2, >2 | Conventional | Grathoff and Moore (1996) method using WILDFIRE | K-Ar | 2006 | 7 |
5 | Sierra Mazatan detachment fault | <0.05, 0.05–0.1, 0.1–0.5, 0.5–1, 1–2 | Conventional | Lowest-variance approach using WILDFIRE | 40Ar/39Ar | 2008 | 8 |
6 | Fault of the Ruby Mountains | <0.05, 0.05–0.4, 0.4–2 | Conventional | Lowest-variance approach using WILDFIRE | 40Ar/39Ar | 2009 | 9 |
7 | San Andreas fault, Parkfield, Califonia | <0.02, 0.02–0.2, 0.2–2 | Conventional | Lowest-variance approach using WILDFIRE | 40Ar/39Ar | 2010 | 10 |
8 | Faults in AlpTransit deep tunnel site | <0.1, 0.1–0.4, 0.4–2, 2–6, 6–10 | Conventional | SIROQUANT from Sietronics Pty Ltd. | K-Ar | 2010 | 28 |
9 | West Qinling fault | <0.05, 0.05–0.2, 0.2–2 | Conventional | Lowest-variance approach using WILDFIRE | 40Ar/39Ar | 2011 | 11 |
10 | Pyrenean thrusts | <0.05, 0.05–0.4, 0.4–2 | Conventional | Lowest-variance approach using WILDFIRE | 40Ar/39Ar | 2011 | 12 |
11 | Deokpori Thrust | <0.1, 0.1–0.4, 0.4–2, 2–6, 6–10 | Conventional | not mentioned in detail | K-Ar | 2011 | 29 |
12 | Chugaryeong fault zone, Korea | <0.1, 0.1–0.4, 0.4–1, 1–2 | Micro-focused with capillary, 2D detector | Iterative full-pattern-fitting with the WILDFIRE | K-Ar | 2014 | 13 |
13 | Daegwangri fault, Korea | <0.1, 0.1–0.4, 0.4–1, 1–2 | Micro-focused with capillary, 2D detector | Iterative full-pattern-fitting with the WILDFIRE | K-Ar | 2014 | 14 |
14 | Inje fault, Korea | <0.1, 0.1–0.4, 0.4–1, 1–2 | Micro-focused with capillary, 2D detector | Iterative full-pattern-fitting with the WILDFIRE | K-Ar | 2015 | 15 |
15 | Red River Fault, Vietnam | <0.1, 0.1–0.4, 0.4–1, 1–2 | Micro-focused with capillary, 2D detector | Iterative full-pattern-fitting with the WILDFIRE | K-Ar | 2016 | 16 |
16 | Mexican Fold-Thrust Belt | <0.05, 0.05–0.2, 0.2–1, 1–2 | Conventional | Lowest-variance approach using WILDFIRE | 40Ar/39Ar | 2016 | 17 |
17 | Faults in Death Valley and Panamint Valley | <0.05, 0.05–0.2, 0.2–2 | Conventional | Lowest-variance approach using WILDFIRE | 40Ar/39Ar | 2016 | 18 |
18 | Yangsan Fault in the Sangcheon-ri, Korea | <0.1, 0.1–0.4, 0.4–1, 1–2 | Micro-focused with capillary, 2D detector | Iterative full-pattern-fitting with the WILDFIRE | K-Ar | 2016 | 19 |
19 | Minami-Awa Fault | <0.2, 0.2–0.5, 0.5–1, 1–2, 2–4 | X’Pert Pro Multi-purpose with capillary | Iterative full-pattern-fitting with the WILDFIRE | K-Ar | 2016 | 30 |
20 | Dien Bien Phu Fault, Vietnam | <0.1, 0.1–0.4, 0.4–1, 1–2 | Micro-focused with capillary, 2D detector | Iterative full-pattern-fitting with the WILDFIRE | K-Ar | 2017 | 20 |
21 | Alpine Fault, New Zealand | <0.1, 0.1–0.2, 0.2–0.5, 0.5–1 | Conventional | Grathoff and Moore (1996) method using WILDFIRE | 40Ar/39Ar | 2017 | 21 |
22 | Yangsan Fault in the Pohang Area, Korea | <0.1, 0.1–0.4, 0.4–1, 1–2 | Micro-focused with capillary, 2D detector | Iterative full-pattern-fitting with the WILDFIRE | K-Ar | 2017 | 22 |
23 | Faults in Yeongwol are, Korea | <0.1, 0.1–0.4, 0.4–1, 1–2 | Micro-focused with capillary, 2D detector | Iterative full-pattern-fitting with the WILDFIRE | K-Ar | 2018 | 23 |
24 | Río Grío, Vallès-Penedès Faults | <0.1, 0.1–0.4, 0.4–2, 2–6, 6–10 | Conventional | Integrated peak areas, using calibration constant for standard | 40Ar/39Ar | 2019 | 31 |
25 | Faults within Shimanto accretionary complex | <0.2, 0.2–0.5, 0.5–1, 1–2, 2–4 | X’Pert Pro Multi-purpose with capillary | Iterative full-pattern-fitting with the WILDFIRE | K-Ar | 2019 | 32 |
26 | Sronlairig Fault | <0.05, 0.05–0.1, 0.1–0.2, 0.2–2 | X’Pert Pro Multi-purpose with capillary | corrected peak-area-measurement, Dalla Torre et al. (1994) | K-Ar | 2019 | 24 |
27 | Sevier fold–thrust | <0.05, 0.05–0.1, 0.1–0.5, 0.5–1, 1–2 | Conventional | Lowest-variance approach using WILDFIRE | 40Ar/39Ar | 2019 | 25 |
28 | Faults in Chungnam Basin, Korea | <0.1, 0.1–0.4, 0.4–1, 1–2 | Micro-focused with capillary, 2D detector | Iterative full-pattern-fitting with the WILDFIRE | K-Ar | 2019 | 26 |
29 | Faults in West Sarawak, Borneo | <0.2–0.5, 0.5–1, 1–2 | Conventional | Iterative full-pattern-fitting with the WILDFIRE | K-Ar | 2021 | 27 |
Step | Descriptions of Procedures | Prerequisites and Recommendations |
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1 | Particle size separation using high-speed centrifuge |
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2 | X-ray diffraction analysis for size fractions |
|
3 | WILDFIRE©-based polytype quantification |
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4 | Radiometric dating for size fractions |
|
5 | Illite-Age-Analysis (IAA) for dating fault age |
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Song, Y.; Sim, H. Illite-Age-Analysis (IAA) for the Dating of Shallow Faults: Prerequisites and Procedures for Improvement. Minerals 2021, 11, 1162. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11111162
Song Y, Sim H. Illite-Age-Analysis (IAA) for the Dating of Shallow Faults: Prerequisites and Procedures for Improvement. Minerals. 2021; 11(11):1162. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11111162
Chicago/Turabian StyleSong, Yungoo, and Ho Sim. 2021. "Illite-Age-Analysis (IAA) for the Dating of Shallow Faults: Prerequisites and Procedures for Improvement" Minerals 11, no. 11: 1162. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11111162