IgE Antibodies against Cancer: Efficacy and Safety
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Pre-Clinical Efficacy of Antitumour IgE Antibodies
2.1. In Vitro Studies
2.2. In Vivo Studies
2.3. Monocytes and Macrophages are Key Effector Cells in the Mechanism of Action of Anti-Cancer IgE
3. Considering the Safety of Anti-Cancer IgE Therapeutics
3.1. IgE and Type I Hypersensitivity
3.2. In Vitro Studies of Potential Hypersensitivity Reactions to Therapeutic IgE
3.3. Pre-Clinical In Vivo Safety Studies of Anticancer IgE Therapeutics
3.3.1. Cynomolgus Monkey
3.3.2. Canine
3.3.3. Rat
3.4. IgE Antibodies Are Heavily Glycosylated
3.5. Clinical Tools to Predict and Monitor Safety
3.5.1. Skin Tests
3.5.2. Basophil Activation Test (BAT)
3.5.3. First-in-Human Study of MOv18 IgE
4. Future Development of IgE Immunotherapy
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Target of IgE | IgE Species | Direct Effect | ADCC | ADCP | Degranulation 1 | Antigen Presentation | Refs. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Human FRα | Mouse/human chimeric | - | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | - | [29,30,42,49] |
Human FRα | Mouse/rat chimeric | - | ✓ | ✓ | - | - | [32] |
Human Her2 | Humanised | ✓ | ✓ | ✕ | ✓ | - | [36,43] |
Human EGFR | Mouse/human chimeric | ✓ | ✓ | ✕ | ✓ | - | [44] |
Human Her2 | Human | - | - | - | ✓ | ✓ | [47] |
Human PSA | Mouse/human chimeric | - | - | - | ✓ | ✓ | [48] |
Human CD20 | Mouse/human chimeric | - | ✓ | ✕ | - | - | [45] |
Human colorectal cancer | Human | - | ✓ | ✕ | - | - | [7] |
Human EGFR | Canine | - | ✓ | ✕ | - | - | [37] |
Human Her2 | Human 2 | - | - | - | ✓ | - | [39] |
Human SF-25 | Mouse/human chimeric | - | ✓ | ✕ | - | - | [46] |
Target of IgE | IgE Species | Tumour Model (Tumour Site) | Animal Model 2 | Antibody Injection Route | Findings 1 | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gp36 of MMTV | Mouse | H2712 mouse mammary carcinoma (s.c. and i.p.) | Syngeneic C3H/HeJ mice | i.p. | Inhibited the development of tumours | [50] |
COLO 205 | Mouse and mouse/human chimeric | Human colorectal COLO 205 carcinoma (s.c.) | SCID mice | i.v | Inhibited the growth of established tumours | [51] |
Human FRα | Mouse/human chimeric | IGROV1 human ovarian carcinoma (s.c.) | PBMC engrafted SCID mice | i.v. | Greater anti-tumour activity than IgG1 | [31] |
HUA patient derived ovarian carcinoma donor mice ascites (i.p.) | PBMC engrafted nude mice | i.p. | Prolonged mouse survival 1 | [29] | ||
PBMC 2 engrafted nude mice | i.p. | Prolonged mouse survival 1 | [42] | |||
U937 (+/− IL-4 treatment) engrafted nude mice | i.p. | Prolonged mouse survival 1 | [30] | |||
Human Her2 | Human | Her2-expressing D2F2/E2 mouse mammary carcinoma (i.p.) | hFceR1α Tg BALB/c mice | i.p. | Prolonged mouse survival | [47] |
Human MUC1 | Mouse/human chimeric | MUC1-expressing 4T1 mouse mammary carcinoma (s.c.) | hFceR1α Tg BALB/c mice | s.c | Reduced tumour growth by 25–30% | [45] |
Human PSA | Mouse/human chimeric | PSA-expressing CT26 mouse colon adenocarcinoma (s.c.) | hFceR1α Tg BALB/c mice | s.c | Prolonged mouse survival | [48] |
Human FRα | Mouse/rat chimeric | FRα-expressing CC531 rat colon adenocarcinoma (lung mets. from i.v. injection) | Immuno-competent WAG rat | i.v. | Superior efficacy compared to mouse/rat IgG2b | [32] |
Therapeutic Antibody | Antibody Target | Dose | Model Species | Findings | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C6MH3-B1 IgE | Human Her2 | 2.4 and 80 µg/kg | Cynomolgus monkey | No systemic reactions or adverse events observed. | [47] |
MOv18 IgE | Human FRα | 5, 10, 50 mg/kg | Rat | No clinical, histopathological or metabolic signs of a type I hypersensitivity reaction, but some mild responses such as piloerection and hunching which were observed to the same degree in IgG-treated rats. | [67] |
CSPG4 IgE | Human and rat CSPG4 | 10 mg/kg (for immediate reactions); 5 mg/kg (for long-term safety) | Rat | Only transient mild to moderate adverse events within 5 min which resolved by 30 min, accompanied by mild elevation in serum tryptase. No long-term toxicity observed. | [83] |
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Chauhan, J.; McCraw, A.J.; Nakamura, M.; Osborn, G.; Sow, H.S.; Cox, V.F.; Stavraka, C.; Josephs, D.H.; Spicer, J.F.; Karagiannis, S.N.; et al. IgE Antibodies against Cancer: Efficacy and Safety. Antibodies 2020, 9, 55. https://doi.org/10.3390/antib9040055
Chauhan J, McCraw AJ, Nakamura M, Osborn G, Sow HS, Cox VF, Stavraka C, Josephs DH, Spicer JF, Karagiannis SN, et al. IgE Antibodies against Cancer: Efficacy and Safety. Antibodies. 2020; 9(4):55. https://doi.org/10.3390/antib9040055
Chicago/Turabian StyleChauhan, Jitesh, Alex J. McCraw, Mano Nakamura, Gabriel Osborn, Heng Sheng Sow, Vivienne F. Cox, Chara Stavraka, Debra H. Josephs, James F. Spicer, Sophia N. Karagiannis, and et al. 2020. "IgE Antibodies against Cancer: Efficacy and Safety" Antibodies 9, no. 4: 55. https://doi.org/10.3390/antib9040055