An Evaluation of Public Spaces with the Use of Direct and Remote Methods
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Research Procedure
2.2. Study Objects
2.3. Selection and Inventory of Public Spaces
2.4. Direct Approach to Evaluating the Quality of Public Spaces
- -
- “+’’ for elements whose quality exceeds basic criteria,
- -
- “0” for elements whose quality meets basic criteria,
- -
- “-” for elements whose quality is below basic criteria.
- -
- “NA”—elements that were not identified in the analyzed public spaces.
2.5. Remote Approach to Evaluating the Quality of Public Spaces
3. Results
3.1. Inventory Results
3.2. The Results of Public Space Evaluation in the Direct and the Remote Approach
4. Discussion
5. Summary and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Spatial Order | Components | Rated Elements |
---|---|---|
Architectural | General proportions, urban morphology, urban planning, craftsmanship and style, additional features, green spaces | 1. adequate surface parameters, 2. adequate height parameters, 3. adequate distance between spaces with different functions, 4. urban planning solutions, 5. roofs and canopies, 6. sitting areas (quantity), 7. sitting areas (quality), 8. trash cans, 9. garbage containers, 10. lighting (quantity and quality), 11. playground facilities, 12. tables, 13. laundry drying facilities, 14. carpet beating frames, 15. garages, coal sheds, 16. services, 17. residential buildings, 18. quality of pedestrian surfaces, 19. recreational areas, 20. safety, 21. style, 22. architectural and historical monuments, 23. green spaces—cohesion, 24. green spaces—proportional design, 25. shade producing trees |
Esthetic | Display of information, advertising and signs, facades, roofs, pavement and fencing, color scheme, cleanliness | 1. availability and maintenance of public information signs (traffic signs, information boards on buildings), 2. non-organized advertising and organized advertising, 3. signboards, 4. facades—maintenance, 5. roofs—maintenance, 6. paved surfaces—maintenance, 7. fences—maintenance, 8. pavement materials, 9. fencing materials, 10. facade color, 11. roof color, 12. pavement color, 13. fence color, 14. general cleanliness, 15. cleanliness of buildings and public facilities, 16. cleanliness in public green spaces |
Social | Users, atmosphere, access to other public spaces, safety, lighting, surveillance | 1. number of users, 2. social and demographic structure, 3. atmosphere—subjective evaluation, 4. availability of public spaces within a 100 m radius, 5. ratio of male to female users, 6. subjective evaluation of safety, 7. lighting, 8. surveillance |
Environmental | Noise, green spaces | 1. noise levels, 2. greenery |
Functional | Footpaths and bike paths, rhythm and harmony, accessibility | 1. width of sidewalks, 2. disabled access, 3. bike paths, 4. obstacles to pedestrian traffic, 5. unconstrained flow of traffic, traffic safety, 6. harmonious space, 7. car parks, 8. intensity of vehicular traffic, 9. subjective evaluation of the entire space |
Type of Public Space | Number of Public Spaces—Morąg | Number of Public Spaces—Orneta |
---|---|---|
Historical municipal park | 1 | - |
Municipal park/green space | - | 1 |
Municipal park | 1 | - |
Sports field | 1 | 2 |
Market square | 1 | - |
Public green space | 5 | 10 |
Unorganized green space | 1 | 4 |
Playground | 4 | - |
Playground with public green space | 2 | 2 |
Municipal square | 2 | - |
Municipal square with public green space | - | 1 |
Urban interior | 2 | 5 |
Urban interior with playground | - | 1 |
Total | 20 | 26 |
No. | Public Space | Percentage of Components | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Direct Approach | Remote Approach | Direct Approach | Remote Approach | Direct Approach | Remote Approach | Direct Approach | Remote Approach | ||
Quality Exceeds Basic Criteria | Quality Meets Basic Criteria | Quality below Basic Criteria | Not Identified | ||||||
1. | Historical municipal park | 32% | 26% | 16% | 19% | 30% | 38% | 22% | 17% |
2. | Market square | 12% | 2% | 18% | 11% | 62% | 72% | 8% | 15% |
3. | Public green space | 37% | 21% | 32% | 23% | 15% | 32% | 16% | 24% |
4. | Sports field | 8% | 11% | 17% | 4% | 60% | 49% | 15% | 36% |
5. | Public green space | 38% | 34% | 30% | 21% | 10% | 13% | 22% | 32% |
6. | Municipal park | 18% | 23% | 32% | 36% | 38% | 30% | 12% | 11% |
7. | Unorganized green space | 5% | 0% | 5% | 9% | 67% | 70% | 23% | 21% |
8. | Playground | 25% | 21% | 28% | 26% | 35% | 38% | 12% | 15% |
9. | Public green space | 52% | 23% | 20% | 28% | 16% | 36% | 12% | 13% |
10. | Public green space | 10% | 4% | 3% | 4% | 83% | 81% | 4% | 11% |
11. | Playground | 12% | 4% | 5% | 11% | 60% | 70% | 23% | 15% |
12. | Playground | 10% | 4% | 12% | 2% | 65% | 81% | 13% | 13% |
13. | Playground | 15% | 2% | 23% | 4% | 50% | 79% | 12% | 15% |
14. | Urban interior | 35% | 28% | 22% | 28% | 40% | 36% | 3% | 8% |
15. | Playground with public green space | 27% | 28% | 22% | 23% | 38% | 38% | 13% | 11% |
16. | Playground with public green space | 17% | 13% | 25% | 23% | 52% | 53% | 6% | 11% |
17. | Municipal square | 75% | 68% | 2% | 6% | 12% | 9% | 11% | 17% |
18. | Urban interior | 28% | - | 23% | - | 45% | - | 4% | - |
19. | Public green space | 63% | 38% | 3% | 19% | 13% | 11% | 21% | 32% |
20. | Municipal square | 58% | 62% | 15% | 15% | 15% | 15% | 12% | 8% |
No | Public Space | Percentage of Components | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Direct Approach | Remote Approach | Direct Approach | Remote Approach | Direct Approach | Remote Approach | Direct Approach | Remote Approach | ||
Quality Exceeds Basic Criteria | Quality Meets Basic Criteria | Quality below Basic Criteria | Not Identified | ||||||
1. | Sports field | 10% | 19% | 3% | 11% | 53% | 26% | 34% | 44% |
2. | Unorganized green space | 8% | 17% | 15% | 17% | 53% | 43% | 24% | 23% |
3. | Unorganized green space | 7% | 15% | 12% | 4% | 57% | 55% | 24% | 26% |
4. | Unorganized green space | 7% | 13% | 15% | 11% | 60% | 64% | 18% | 12% |
5. | Municipal park (under construction)/green space | 10% | 11% | 7% | 6% | 58% | 64% | 25% | 19% |
6. | Sports field | 3% | 13% | 3% | 6% | 64% | 45% | 30% | 36% |
7. | Unorganized green space | 8% | 11% | 10% | 6% | 52% | 45% | 30% | 38% |
8. | Public green space | 43% | 49% | 13% | 15% | 16% | 9% | 28% | 27% |
9. | Public green space | 32% | 45% | 32% | 21% | 16% | 9% | 20% | 25% |
10. | Public green space | 27% | 26% | 30% | 19% | 30% | 38% | 13% | 17% |
11. | Public green space | 20% | 34% | 17% | 13% | 50% | 32% | 13% | 21% |
12. | Public green space | 20% | 4% | 23% | 11% | 43% | 68% | 14% | 17% |
13. | Public green space | 30% | 47% | 18% | 6% | 38% | 26% | 14% | 21% |
14. | Urban interior | 10% | 2% | 10% | 6% | 73% | 86% | 7% | 6% |
15. | Urban interior | 10% | 28% | 33% | 32% | 55% | 38% | 2% | 2% |
16. | Public green space | 30% | 6% | 25% | 11% | 37% | 68% | 8% | 15% |
17. | Public green space | 20% | 15% | 18% | 11% | 48% | 55% | 14% | 19% |
18. | Municipal square with public green space | 32% | 36% | 17% | 17% | 38% | 30% | 13% | 17% |
19. | Urban interior with playground | 58% | - | 15% | - | 22% | - | 5% | - |
20. | Public green space | 25% | 36% | 22% | 19% | 42% | 32% | 11% | 13% |
21. | Urban interior | 12% | 13% | 12% | 19% | 74% | 66% | 2% | 2% |
22. | Urban interior | 23% | 55% | 33% | 26% | 38% | 11% | 6% | 8% |
23. | Playground with public green space | 15% | 49% | 32% | 13% | 31% | 8% | 22% | 30% |
24. | Urban interior | 18% | 57% | 48% | 15% | 32% | 26% | 2% | 2% |
25. | Playground with public green space | 27% | 53% | 33% | 13% | 30% | 21% | 10% | 13% |
26. | Public green space | 17% | 21% | 18% | 6% | 52% | 49% | 13% | 24% |
No. | Public Space | Percentage of Elements with Identical Scores in the Direct and the Remote Approach | Percentage of Elements with Different Scores in the Direct and the Remote Approach |
---|---|---|---|
1. | Historical municipal park | 40% | 60% |
2. | Market square | 53% | 47% |
3. | Public green space | 48% | 52% |
4. | Sports field | 40% | 60% |
5. | Public green space | 52% | 48% |
6. | Municipal park | 47% | 53% |
7. | Unorganized green space | 56% | 44% |
8. | Playground | 47% | 53% |
9. | Public green space | 35% | 65% |
10. | Public green space | 65% | 35% |
11. | Playground | 50% | 50% |
12. | Playground | 60% | 40% |
13. | Playground | 44% | 56% |
14. | Urban interior | 52% | 48% |
15. | Playground with public green space | 47% | 53% |
16. | Playground with public green space | 48% | 52% |
17. | Municipal square | 63% | 37% |
18. | Urban interior | - | - |
19. | Public green space | 53% | 47% |
20. | Municipal square | 58% | 42% |
Mean | 50% | 50% | |
Standard deviation | 8% | 8% |
No. | Public Space | Percentage of Elements with Identical Scores in the Direct and the Remote Approach | Percentage of Elements with Different Scores in the Direct and the Remote Approach |
---|---|---|---|
1. | Sports field | 63% | 37% |
2. | Unorganized green space | 63% | 37% |
3. | Unorganized green space | 62% | 38% |
4. | Unorganized green space | 53% | 47% |
5. | Municipal park (under construction)/green space | 58% | 42% |
6. | Sports field | 67% | 33% |
7. | Unorganized green space | 62% | 38% |
8. | Public green space | 60% | 40% |
9. | Public green space | 63% | 37% |
10. | Public green space | 57% | 43% |
11. | Public green space | 52% | 48% |
12. | Public green space | 55% | 45% |
13. | Public green space | 57% | 43% |
14. | Urban interior | 72% | 28% |
15. | Urban interior | 48% | 52% |
16. | Public green space | 48% | 52% |
17. | Public green space | 67% | 33% |
18. | Municipal square with public green space | 67% | 33% |
19. | Urban interior with playground | - | - |
20. | Public green space | 55% | 45% |
21. | Urban interior | 67% | 33% |
22. | Urban interior | 38% | 62% |
23. | Playground with public green space | 43% | 57% |
24. | Urban interior | 43% | 57% |
25. | Playground with public green space | 50% | 50% |
26. | Public green space | 55% | 45% |
Mean | 57% | 43% | |
Standard deviation | 9% | 9% |
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Szczepańska, A.; Pietrzyk, K. An Evaluation of Public Spaces with the Use of Direct and Remote Methods. Land 2020, 9, 419. https://doi.org/10.3390/land9110419
Szczepańska A, Pietrzyk K. An Evaluation of Public Spaces with the Use of Direct and Remote Methods. Land. 2020; 9(11):419. https://doi.org/10.3390/land9110419
Chicago/Turabian StyleSzczepańska, Agnieszka, and Katarzyna Pietrzyk. 2020. "An Evaluation of Public Spaces with the Use of Direct and Remote Methods" Land 9, no. 11: 419. https://doi.org/10.3390/land9110419
APA StyleSzczepańska, A., & Pietrzyk, K. (2020). An Evaluation of Public Spaces with the Use of Direct and Remote Methods. Land, 9(11), 419. https://doi.org/10.3390/land9110419