A Land-Based and Spatial Assessment of Local Food Capacity in Northern Idaho, USA
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Region
2.2. Data Preparation
2.3. Spatial Optimization, Spatial Analysis and Modeling, and Alternative Scenarios
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Growing Demand for Local Food
3.2. The Geography of Current Local Food Production
3.3. Foodsheds and Land Use Scenarios
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Size of Farms | 2007 | 2012 | 2017 | 2007–2012 | 2012–2017 | 2007–2017 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 acre to 9 acre | 416 | 527 | 1026 | 26.68% | 94.69% | 146.63% |
10–49 acres | 1541 | 1386 | 2072 | −10.06% | 49.49% | 34.46% |
50–179 acres | 1376 | 1308 | 1247 | −4.94% | −4.66% | −9.38% |
180–499 acres | 832 | 822 | 596 | −1.20% | −27.49% | −28.37% |
500–999 acres | 340 | 315 | 272 | −7.35% | −13.65% | −20.00% |
1000 acres | 515 | 518 | 461 | 0.58% | −11.00% | −10.49% |
Vegetables | Fruits | Meat, Dairy, Eggs | Grains/Field Crops/Others |
---|---|---|---|
Asparagus | Apples | Beef | Wheat |
Carrots | Blackberries | Pork | Barley |
Cucumbers | Blueberries | Chicken | Corn for grain |
Dry beans | Cherries | Chicken eggs | Oats |
Dry peas &/or lentils | Grapes | Cow milk | Forage |
Garlic | Peaches | Cheese | Sugar beets |
Green beans | Strawberries | Canola oil | |
Greens bunched | Sunflower seeds | ||
Greens, salad | Nuts | ||
Lettuce, head | |||
Onions | |||
Peas, green | |||
Peppers | |||
Potatoes | |||
Squash, summer | |||
Sweet corn | |||
Tomatoes |
Product | Does NOT Source This Product, but is Interested in Sourcing it Locally | Sources This Product Locally | Sources This Product, but is NOT Interested in Sourcing it Locally | Does NOT Source This Product, and is NOT Interested in Sourcing it Locally |
---|---|---|---|---|
Vegetables | 49.33% | 26.81% | 3.26% | 20.59% |
Small Plant Fruits | 38.71% | 34.10% | 6.45% | 20.74% |
Tree Fruits | 47.18% | 26.06% | 2.82% | 23.94% |
Dairy, Meat, & Eggs | 32.06% | 33.10% | 5.57% | 29.27% |
Field Crops/Grains | 21.30% | 28.40% | 2.96% | 47.34% |
Independent Variables | Description | Coeff. | P-value |
---|---|---|---|
(Intercept) | −0.184 | 0.992 | |
Water capacity | Soil water capacity (vol. fraction) with FC = pF 2.0 at surface | 0.225** | 0.080 |
precipitation | Annual precipitation, mm | −4.775 × 10−3 | 0.079 |
slope | Slope, in degrees | −0.074 ** | 0.028 |
soil depth | Absolute depth to bedrock, cm | −3.069 × 10−4 | 0.118 |
soil fragments | Coarse soil fragments, % of volume | −0.066 *** | 0.006 |
soil pH | Soil pH × 10 | −0.038 | 0.337 |
temperature | Mean annual temperature, °C × 10 | −0.021 | 0.289 |
to cities | To nearest cities or urban areas, kilometer | −1.830 × 10−2 *** | 0.001 |
to highway | Road distance, kilometer | −0.739 × 10−2 | 0.186 |
Food Category | Land Requirements (ha) | Land Supply (ha) | Production Potential (Mg) |
---|---|---|---|
HNEa | 48,577 | 369,952 | 4,777,631 |
HNEp | 71,442 | 6104 | 20,832 |
HNEt | 120,020 | 376,057 | 4,798,462 |
Population Center(s) | Total | Cultivated Foodshed | Pasture Foodshed | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | Alternative | Baseline | Alternative | Baseline | Alternative | |
Coeur d’Alene | 90.31 | 118.43 | 51.46 | 50.63 | 116.72 | 164.52 |
Post Falls | 82.70 | 152.06 | 29.52 | 29.35 | 118.86 | 235.48 |
Lewiston | 7.43 | 25.32 | 6.26 | 6.44 | 8.22 | 38.16 |
Moscow | 6.23 | 48.49 | 4.07 | 4.07 | 7.69 | 78.69 |
Sandpoint | 56.12 | 128.76 | 64.32 | 65.70 | 50.54 | 171.64 |
All zones | 49.29 | 90.43 | 29.91 | 29.79 | 62.47 | 131.66 |
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Share and Cite
Liao, F.H.; Gordon, B.; DePhelps, C.; Saul, D.; Fan, C.; Feng, W. A Land-Based and Spatial Assessment of Local Food Capacity in Northern Idaho, USA. Land 2019, 8, 121. https://doi.org/10.3390/land8080121
Liao FH, Gordon B, DePhelps C, Saul D, Fan C, Feng W. A Land-Based and Spatial Assessment of Local Food Capacity in Northern Idaho, USA. Land. 2019; 8(8):121. https://doi.org/10.3390/land8080121
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiao, Felix Haifeng, Brendan Gordon, Colette DePhelps, Darin Saul, Chao Fan, and Wenlong Feng. 2019. "A Land-Based and Spatial Assessment of Local Food Capacity in Northern Idaho, USA" Land 8, no. 8: 121. https://doi.org/10.3390/land8080121
APA StyleLiao, F. H., Gordon, B., DePhelps, C., Saul, D., Fan, C., & Feng, W. (2019). A Land-Based and Spatial Assessment of Local Food Capacity in Northern Idaho, USA. Land, 8(8), 121. https://doi.org/10.3390/land8080121