Opportunities and Limitations for Achieving Land Degradation-Neutrality through the Current Land-Use Policy Framework in Kenya
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- (i)
- Does the current land-use policy framework have the potential to contribute to achieving LDN?
- (ii)
- What policy and institutional improvements are required to overcome gaps and make the best use of opportunities to advance the pursuit of LDN?
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Methods
2.2.1. Criteria for Content Analysis of Legal, Policy and Planning Instruments
2.2.2. Institutional Mapping
3. Potential of the Current Land-Use Policy Framework to Address LDN
3.1. Avoid
3.2. Reduce and Reverse
3.3. Offset
3.4. Means of Implementation
3.4.1. Finance
3.4.2. Technology and Capacity Building
3.4.3. Policy and Institutional Coherence
3.4.4. Multi-Stakeholder Partnerships
3.4.5. Data, Monitoring, and Accountability
3.5. Institutional Context
4. Discussions
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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LDN Responses | Measures | ||
---|---|---|---|
Avoid | Aim: Confer Resilience through Appropriate Regulation, Planning and Management Practices [5,6] | ||
(Greening, | Agriculture | Forest | Grasslands and Shrubland |
Non-significant) | Prepare integrated wetland resource, forest resource, and mountain ecosystems management plans for environmentally sensitive areas [26] | ||
Management activities, such as forest patrols and environmental education projects [27] | |||
Reduce | Aim: mitigate land degradation through SLM [5,6] | ||
Reverse | Aim: actively recover the productive potential and ecological services through SLM [5,6] | ||
(Browning) | Agriculture | Forest | Grassland and Shrubland |
Manuring [28,29] Inter-cropping [28] Grass strips [29] | Improve species richness [27] Buffer zone for extractive use [27,29] | Rain water harvesting [29,30] Terracing [29] Dryland agroforestry [30] | |
Agroforestry [28,29] Terracing [28,29] | Afforestation [29] Gully rehabilitation [29] | Grass reseeding [30] Removal of undesirable species [31] Grazing enclosures [31] | |
Offset | Aim: for a project that would degrade a habitat, permission is granted only if the applicant will restore or upgrade land to a functionally equivalent state. Similar SLM practices as outlined for reduce/reverse | ||
Means of Implementation [1] | |||
Finance: Eliminate perverse incentives that promote degradation and devise positive incentives that reward the adoption of SLM practices Examples of market-based approaches: credit lines, insurance policies, payments for ecosystem services and conservation tenders | |||
Technology: Strengthen institutional competencies: technical capacities, technologies Support landscape scale approaches that integrate the development of agricultural, forest, energy, water and infrastructure agendas | |||
Capacity building: Enhance capacities for planning and adaptive management Education and training to promote farmer and public awareness | |||
Policy and institutional coherence: Harness synergies in actions across the 3 Rio Conventions (UNCCD, UNFCCC, and CBD) Coordinate policy agendas across key sectoral priorities, e.g., food, energy, water, climate, health, rural, urban and industrial development Secure land tenure, property and land-use rights, vested in individuals and/or communities, in accordance with national legislation at the appropriate level | |||
Multi-stakeholder partnerships: Promote participatory approaches to management of natural resources: e.g., community-based forest management | |||
Data, monitoring and accountability: Improve information systems for monitoring, verification and reporting to enhance evidence-based decision-making |
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Gichenje, H.; Muñoz-Rojas, J.; Pinto-Correia, T. Opportunities and Limitations for Achieving Land Degradation-Neutrality through the Current Land-Use Policy Framework in Kenya. Land 2019, 8, 115. https://doi.org/10.3390/land8080115
Gichenje H, Muñoz-Rojas J, Pinto-Correia T. Opportunities and Limitations for Achieving Land Degradation-Neutrality through the Current Land-Use Policy Framework in Kenya. Land. 2019; 8(8):115. https://doi.org/10.3390/land8080115
Chicago/Turabian StyleGichenje, Helene, José Muñoz-Rojas, and Teresa Pinto-Correia. 2019. "Opportunities and Limitations for Achieving Land Degradation-Neutrality through the Current Land-Use Policy Framework in Kenya" Land 8, no. 8: 115. https://doi.org/10.3390/land8080115