Long-Term Visioning for Landscape-Based Spatial Planning—Experiences from Two Regional Cases in The Netherlands
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- The natural system as the starting point;
- Optimal use of water;
- Nature-inclusive society;
- Circular economy;
- Adaptive spatial planning.
2. Theory and Reference to Recent Insights
2.1. The Design Process of Visioning to Support Sound Spatial Transitions
2.2. Landscape-Based Approach
3. Methods
3.1. Case Comparison
3.2. Introduction to the Cases
3.2.1. Municipality of Arnhem
3.2.2. Coastal Zone Holland
- The connection of the region with the North Sea will be strengthened. The North Sea will become an important production area for energies, protein rich food, and for growing biobased resources, next to sustainable transport, recreation, and biodiversity.
- The Coast and Dunes need to be strengthened by nature-based solutions, in order to protect the region from sea level rise. This will be realised in combination with recreation and nature management. The dune landscape will be connected with green city infrastructures and the polders.
- The Green City area innovations will green the city in order to decrease the heat island effect and to absorb heavy rainfall. Greening the cities will also have positive effects on biodiversity, health, and society.
- The Smart City area includes the basic concerns that, from the perspective of climate change, urban functions cannot extend towards the low-lying parts of the region. Therefore housing, business, and mobility should be smartly combined and reconfigured within the current urban areas, searching for new multifunctional combinations, for example, at public transport hubs or at campus environments. Furthermore, walking and cycling will become more important, and a ban on car dependency is foreseen.
- The Polder will have an important function in climate adaptation, as the landowners (often farmers) will contribute to storing the water, due to the flooding and heavy rainfall. This means that the area will become wetter and will be suitable for new crops. Agriculture will also have an important function in the mitigation of carbon emissions and in nature management and recreational services. Housing is only possible floating on the water.
4. Results
4.1. The Landscape-Based Approach
4.2. The Design Process
4.3. The Future Visions
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions and Recommendations
- Make optimal use of the free, daring, and, above all, inspiring character of long-term visioning in a broad spatial context beyond local concerns.
- Take the qualities and carrying capacity of the natural system as the starting point: adopt a landscape-based approach.
- Foster the integrative and creative nature of the design process to develop an innovative, motivational, and systemic vision.
- Design a possible positive future in the first place rather than a mitigated or adapted world.
- Envision fundamental transition pathways using societal trends and economic reasoning to strengthen the sustainable functioning of the landscape.
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Voskamp, I.; Timmermans, W.; Roosenschoon, O.; Kranendonk, R.; van Rooij, S.; van Hattum, T.; Sterk, M.; Pedroli, B. Long-Term Visioning for Landscape-Based Spatial Planning—Experiences from Two Regional Cases in The Netherlands. Land 2023, 12, 38. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12010038
Voskamp I, Timmermans W, Roosenschoon O, Kranendonk R, van Rooij S, van Hattum T, Sterk M, Pedroli B. Long-Term Visioning for Landscape-Based Spatial Planning—Experiences from Two Regional Cases in The Netherlands. Land. 2023; 12(1):38. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12010038
Chicago/Turabian StyleVoskamp, Ilse, Wim Timmermans, Onno Roosenschoon, Remco Kranendonk, Sabine van Rooij, Tim van Hattum, Marjolein Sterk, and Bas Pedroli. 2023. "Long-Term Visioning for Landscape-Based Spatial Planning—Experiences from Two Regional Cases in The Netherlands" Land 12, no. 1: 38. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12010038
APA StyleVoskamp, I., Timmermans, W., Roosenschoon, O., Kranendonk, R., van Rooij, S., van Hattum, T., Sterk, M., & Pedroli, B. (2023). Long-Term Visioning for Landscape-Based Spatial Planning—Experiences from Two Regional Cases in The Netherlands. Land, 12(1), 38. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12010038