Four Years Continuous Monitoring Reveals Different Effects of Urban Constructed Wetlands on Bats
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Sites
2.2. Bat Monitoring and Acoustic Analysis
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Wetland vs. Control Bat Activity Comparison by Wilcoxon Tests
3.2. Species Richness Comparison by Generalized Linear Models
3.3. Community Composition Comparison by Mantel’s Tests
3.4. Community Composition Changes over Time by NMDS
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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UNCG Open Wetland | UNCG Open Control | UNCG Woody Wetland | UNCG Woody Control | GSC Rooftop Level | GSC Canopy Level | GSC Ground Level | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2017 Spring | 22,481 | 23,379 | 8824 | 3559 | N/A | 1394 | 262 |
2017 Summer | 36,428 | 36,284 | 5565 | 1131 | 8792 | 7725 | 1148 |
2017 Fall | 7917 | 5938 | 2152 | 2054 | 5514 | 2514 | 1635 |
2017 Winter | 4794 | 2445 | 1526 | 1561 | 309 | 281 | 280 |
2018 Spring | 19,952 | 19,578 | 9588 | 3964 | 4765 | 1909 | 497 |
2018 Summer | 35,358 | 19,219 | 5879 | 398 | 11,350 | 4972 | 1482 |
2018 Fall | 2621 | 8898 | 1481 | 1898 | 7554 | 1104 | 909 |
2018 Winter | 2728 | 1460 | 844 | 546 | 131 | 205 | 115 |
2019 Spring | 18,481 | 33,980 | 10,098 | 5217 | 2783 | 852 | 824 |
2019 Summer | 32,177 | 30,544 | 3906 | 873 | 13,172 | 4789 | 738 |
2019 Fall | 3662 | 5744 | 558 | 1436 | 11,869 | 1045 | 1183 |
2019 Winter | 2154 | 1806 | 812 | 887 | 225 | 153 | 117 |
2020 Spring | 20,712 | 28,819 | 12,160 | 10,979 | 1235 | 1177 | 498 |
2020 Summer | 35,598 | 26,851 | 2512 | 1227 | 10,072 | 8586 | 2274 |
2020 Fall | 6775 | 3020 | 1858 | 435 | 9066 | 3122 | 756 |
2020 Winter | 417 | 271 | 81 | 83 | 242 | 19 | 59 |
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Li, H.; Petric, R.; Alazzawi, Z.; Kauzlarich, J.; Mahmoud, R.H.; McFadden, R.; Perslow, N.; Rodriguez Flores, A.; Soufi, H.; Morales, K.; et al. Four Years Continuous Monitoring Reveals Different Effects of Urban Constructed Wetlands on Bats. Land 2021, 10, 1087. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10101087
Li H, Petric R, Alazzawi Z, Kauzlarich J, Mahmoud RH, McFadden R, Perslow N, Rodriguez Flores A, Soufi H, Morales K, et al. Four Years Continuous Monitoring Reveals Different Effects of Urban Constructed Wetlands on Bats. Land. 2021; 10(10):1087. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10101087
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Han, Radmila Petric, Zinah Alazzawi, Jake Kauzlarich, Rania H. Mahmoud, Rasheed McFadden, Niklas Perslow, Andrea Rodriguez Flores, Hadi Soufi, Kristina Morales, and et al. 2021. "Four Years Continuous Monitoring Reveals Different Effects of Urban Constructed Wetlands on Bats" Land 10, no. 10: 1087. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10101087