Experimental Research on an Improved Slope Protection Structure in the Plunge Pool of a High Dam
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Establishment of the Physical Model
2.1. Similarity Theory for the Physical Model
2.1.1. Similarity Theory for the Fluctuating Pressure under Hydraulic Jumps
2.1.2. Similarity Theory for the Fluctuating Pressure Induced by the Flow in Gaps
2.2. Basic Information on the Physical Model
3. Experimental Research on the Fluctuating Pressure Measured on the Slope Lining Plates in Plunge Pools
3.1. Experimental Scheme
3.2. Experimental Data Analysis
3.2.1. Time-Average Pressure
3.2.2. Fluctuating Pressure
3.2.3. Reynolds Number for the Jet Exit Flow
4. Determination of the Most Dangerous Slope Plate
4.1. Preliminary Analysis for the Failure Mechanism of the Slope Lining Plate
4.2. Experimental Scheme
4.3. Analysis for the Experimental Results
5. Experimental Research on the Loading Conditions of the Drainage Failure and Improved Slope Lining Plates
5.1. Experimental Scheme
5.2. Analysis for the Differences between the Fluctuating Pressures Measured on Back and Front Sides of the Slope Lining Plates
5.3. Correlation Analysis for the Fluctuating Pressures Measured on Back and Front Sides of the Slope Lining Plates
5.3.1. Correlation Theory
5.3.2. Experimental Data Analysis
6. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Case | Upstream Water Level (m) | Flood Discharged from Dam Body (m3/s) | Downstream Water Level (m) | Opening Outlets | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Surface Outlets | Mid-Level Outlets | ||||
1 | 979.38 | 20,186.0 | 849.73 | 1#2#3#4#5# | 1#2#3#4#5#6# |
2 | 975 | 16,421.5 | 847.86 | 1#2#3#4#5# | 1#2#3#4#5#6# |
3 | 975 | 13,371 | 834.0645 | 1#2#3#4#5# | 2#3#4#5# |
4 | 975 | 13,513.5 | 834.1936 | 2#3#4# | 1#2#3#4#5#6# |
5 | 975 | 4504.5 | 822.7045 | 3# | 3#4# |
6 | 975 | 7412.5 | 827.3818 | 2#3#4# | 3#4# |
7 | 975 | 10463 | 831.1811 | 2#3#4# | 2#3#4#5# |
8 | 975 | 7270 | 827.1892 | 1#2#3#4#5# | \ |
9 | 975 | 1454 | 816.1688 | 3# | \ |
10 | 975 | 4362 | 822.45 | 2#3#4# | \ |
11 | 975 | 9151.5 | 829.6814 | \ | 1#2#3#4#5#6# |
12 | 975 | 3050.5 | 820.0394 | \ | 3#4# |
13 | 975 | 3050.5 | 820.0394 | \ | 2#5# |
14 | 975 | 3050.5 | 820.0394 | \ | 1#6# |
15 | 975 | 6101 | 825.4517 | \ | 2#3#4#5# |
16 | 975 | 1454 | 816.1688 | 4# | \ |
17 | 975 | 2908 | 819.7289 | 4#5# | \ |
18 | 975 | 1525.25 | 816.3914 | \ | 4# |
19 | 975 | 3050.5 | 820.0394 | \ | 4#5# |
20 | 975 | 4575.75 | 822.8317 | \ | 4#5#6# |
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No. | Engineering Project | Hydraulic Structure | Tested Data | Length Scale | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Karnafuli project | Spillway chute | Fluctuating pressure. | 1:60; 1:132 | [2] |
2 | Three-Gorges project | Spillway dam | Fluctuating pressure; uplift force. | 1:100 | [8] |
3 | Laxiwa project | Plunge pool floor | Fluctuating pressure; uplift force; Impinging pressure; thrust at springer. | 1:100 | [15] |
4 | Dukouba project | Plunge pool floor | Fluctuating pressure; uplift force. | 1:50 | [17] |
5 | Laxiwa project | Plunge pool floor | Fluctuating pressure; uplift force. | 1:100 | [18] |
6 | Xiangjiaba project | Plunge pool floor | Fluctuating pressure; uplift force. | 1:80 | [20] |
7 | Paute-Cardenillo project | Downstream site of the dam | Fluctuating pressure; scour depth. | 1:50 | [21] |
8 | Nuozhadu project | Downstream site of the dam | Fluctuating pressure; scour depth. | 1:100 | [23] |
9 | Xiaowan project | Downstream site of the dam | Fluctuating pressure; scour depth. | 1:120 | [24] |
10 | Songta project | Downstream site of the dam | Fluctuating pressure; scour depth. | 1:100 | [25] |
11 | -- | Water channel | Fluctuating pressure. | 1:1; 1:2; 1:3; 1:5 | [27] |
12 | Xiluodu, Laxiwa, Jinping I, Nuozhadu and Xiangjiaba projects | Bottom and slope plates of Plunge pools | Fluctuating pressure; uplift force. | 1:100 | [22] |
13 | Morrow Point project | Plunge pool | Flow regime; jet diffusion; flow velocity. | 1:24 | [32] |
14 | -- | Plunge pool | Impingement velocity; hydraulic pressure. | 1:1; 1:10; 1:20; 1:40 | [37] |
Case | Upstream Water Level (m) | Flood Discharged from Dam Body (m3/s) | Downstream Water Level (m) | Opening Outlets | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Surface Outlets | Mid-Level Outlets | ||||
1 | 979.38 | 20,186.0 | 849.73 | 1#2#3#4#5# | 1#2#3#4#5#6# |
2 | 975 | 16,421.5 | 847.86 | 1#2#3#4#5# | 1#2#3#4#5#6# |
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Ma, B.; Liang, S.; Liang, C.; Li, Y. Experimental Research on an Improved Slope Protection Structure in the Plunge Pool of a High Dam. Water 2017, 9, 671. https://doi.org/10.3390/w9090671
Ma B, Liang S, Liang C, Li Y. Experimental Research on an Improved Slope Protection Structure in the Plunge Pool of a High Dam. Water. 2017; 9(9):671. https://doi.org/10.3390/w9090671
Chicago/Turabian StyleMa, Bin, Shuai Liang, Chao Liang, and Yijia Li. 2017. "Experimental Research on an Improved Slope Protection Structure in the Plunge Pool of a High Dam" Water 9, no. 9: 671. https://doi.org/10.3390/w9090671